Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

PEEG 216
RESERVOIR FLUID
PROPERTIES
Dr. John Williams
Class 5

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Outline
Notices
Continue with Phase Behaviour (Chapter 2)

Two-Component Phase Behaviour

Bubble Point & Dew Point
Construction of a 3-D binary phase diagram
Modified definition of critical point.

Homework

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

No classes - Correction
I will be attending an SPE Sour Gas
Conference (at the PI) on Monday 22nd and
Tuesday 23rd February. (Not Sunday)
Therefore there will be no PEEG 216 classes
on these two days.
Classes will be held as usual on:
Sunday 21st (Section 01)
Wednesday 23rd (Section 50)

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

HW Marking
Marks are usually awarded between 7 and
10 out of 10. They will be reduced for late
submission.
Top marks are usually awarded for excellent
answers, or good answers which are
obviously an individual effort
If you have concerns about your answer, or
are making assumptions, write them down.
You will get credit for doing this.
(Especially applies to quizzes and exams)

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Summary from Last Class

Reviewed pure component phase diagrams
Phase behaviour is the result of intermolecular forces
Introduced Gibbs Phase Rule

Investigated the critical point

There is no distinction between gas (or vapour) and liquid
at the critical point
It is possible to move from a gas (or vapour) to a liquid
without crossing a phase boundary by moving through the
critical region of P and T

Review material given on pressure and density units

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Phase Diagram for One Component

- It is simple
c

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Mixing Two Pure Components

These are the two phase
diagrams for the two pure
components A and B.
A could be methane and B
could be hexane

We first study mixtures

at one temperature

Pure A

Pure B

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Phase Behaviour for Binary

Mixtures at Constant Temperature
Note: This is a
slice through
the previous
diagram at one
temperature

1. Compress
pure
component A
e.g. methane

Liquid

Vapour

2. Compress
50% mixture
e.g. methane
plus hexane

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Phase Rule for a Binary Mixture

N=CP+2
There are two components so C = 2
When liquid and vapour are both present, there are two
phases, P = 2
Therefore, N = 2; there are two degrees of freedom.
So both pressure and temperature can be changed without
leaving the two-phase region
We have seen pressure vary in the P-x diagram
And we have already chosen to fix temperature (or we can vary
the temperature independently by moving into the page)

However, at any point where pressure and overall

composition lie inside the two-phase region, the points
representing vapour and liquid phases must lie on the two
curves. There is no freedom to change these.

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Mixing Two Pure Components

Each two-phase loop is at a
different temperature

Pure A

Co
m
po
sit
io
n

Pure B

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Three Dimensional Phase Diagram

The Two-Phase Region for the 50%
Mixture

Critical Point

Two-phase
region for the
50% mixture

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Critical Point Definition

We now see that the critical point is not
necessarily defined as the maximum T or P
at which two phases can exist.
Two-phase loops can extend beyond the
critical point in mixtures.
Again the critical point is where gas and
liquid can no longer be distinguished.
For mixtures, we prefer to define the critical
point as the intersection between the bubble
point curve and the dew point curve.

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Tie lines & the lever rule

The lever rule states that
the quantity of each phase
is inversely proportional
to the distance of its
composition from the total
composition of the
mixture.

A tie-line

Liquid
phase
a
Vapour
or gas
phase

Amount of liquid/amt. of gas =

nl/nv = (xT yB)/(xB xT)
= a/b
Equilibrium tie-lines are
covered in the course text
from page 69.

Overall
mixture

yB

xT
xB
Mole Fraction of B

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Tie Lines & Compositions

Experimental data for binary systems usually
involve measurements on both phases in
equilibrium, and best-fit curves are drawn.
These pairs of liquid-vapour points are often
joined by tie-lines, which tie the two
measurements together.
In a binary system, the concentration of only one
component needs to be specified because the total
must be 100%, i.e. if the mole fraction of
component 1 in the liquid phase is x1, the mole
fraction for component 2 is x2 = 1 x1

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium Example

What is the relative
amount of liquid and
vapour phases when a
mixture of 32%
3-methyl-1-butanol
and 68% 2-methyl-1propanol is at 36.2
kPa and 323.1 K
(point p in the
graph)?
xT (mixture) = ?
x2 (liquid) = ?
y2 (vapour) = ?
nl/nv =
(xT y2)/(x2 xT)

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Summary
Phase diagrams with two components
Bubble point and dew point
Modified definition of the critical point
Use of lever rule with tie-lines

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Homework Class 5
Due 21th or 22nd Feb.
Question 2-5 on page 85
Cartesian means linear scales
Use data from Figure 2.7 or another literature
source.
Ethane has the following critical parameters:
Tc = 32.2C Pc = 48.2 atm. (1 atm = 101 325
kPa)
- A scanned copy of Figure 2.10 is on the L-drive.

Reservoir Fluid Properties PEEG 216

Figure
2.10