LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR

AND
M O T I V ATI O N

WHAT IS LEADERSHIP STYLE?

LEADERSHIP STYLE

UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
LEADERSHIP STYLES
Autocratic...........................Demo
cratic

Source: K. Lewin, R. Lippett, and R.K. White (1939)

THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

LEADERSHIP MODEL: TWO LEADERSHIP STYLES, ONE
DIMENSION
Job Centered
Leadership Style

Employee Centered
Leadership Style

Source: R. Likert, 1961, New Patterns of Management, New York: McGraw-Hill.

The Ohio State University Leadership Model:

Four leadership styles, two dimensions
Ohio State University

High
C
O
N
S
I
D
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

Low Structure
and
High Consideration

Low Structure
and
Low Consideration

High Structure
and
High Consideration

High Structure
and
Low Consideration

Low
Low

Initiating Structure

Source: R. Likert, (1961), New Patterns of Management, New York: McGraw-Hill.

High

WHAT IS THE BEST

LEADERSHIP STYLE?
7

The impoverished leader (1,1) has low concern for both production
and people. The leader does the minimum required to remain
employed in the position.
The authority-compliance leader (9,1) has a high concern for
production and a low concern for people. The leader focuses on
getting the job done while people are treated like machines.
The country-club leader (1,9) has a high concern for people and a
low concern for production. The leader strives to maintain a friendly
atmosphere without regard for production.
The middle-of-the-road leader (5,5) has balanced, medium
concern for both production and people. The leader strives to
maintain satisfactory performance and morale.
The team leader (9,9) has a high concern for both production and
people. This leader strives for maximum performance and employee
satisfaction. According to Blake, Mouton, and McCanse, the team
leadership style is generally the most appropriate for use in all
situations

Satisfied employees
can have a positive
impact on
customers
satisfaction with firm
performance.

The pursuit of
happiness and
satisfaction is
funda-mental to
motivation.

MOTIVATION
AND
LEADERSHIP

Motivation is a
quest for
personal gain

Motivation is
anything that
affects
behavior in
pursuing a
certain
outcome

Content motivation theories focus on explaining and

predicting behavior based on peoples needs. The primary
reason people do what they do is to meet their needs or
wantsto be satisfied.Thus, it is important to understand
needs
(content motivation) theory

Content Motivation
Theories

Hierarchy
of needs
Theory

Two-factor
theory

Acquired
needs
theory

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY

TWO-FACTOR THEORY
MaintenanceExtrinsic Factors

Maintenance factors are also

called extrinsic motivators
because motivation comes
from outside the person and
the job itself
Extrinsic motivators include
pay, job security, and title;
working conditions; fringe
benefits; and relationships

MotivatorsIntrinsic
called intrinsic motivators
because motivation comes
from within the person
through the work itself.
Intrinsic motivators include
achievement, recogni-tion,
challenge, and advancement.

ACQUIRED NEEDS THEORY

People are motivated by their need for
achievement, power, and affiliation.

Its important to realize how closely

linked traits, behavior, and motiva-tion
are.
Affiliation need is essentially the same
as Maslows belongingness need; and
power and achievement are related to
esteem, self-actualization, and
growth.

A COMPARISON OF CONTENT MOTIVATION THEORIES

WHAT IS THE EQUITY

THEORY OF MOTIVATION?

17

EQUITY THEORY

(proposed that employees are motivated

when their perceived inputs equal outputs.)

Our inputs
(contributions)
Our outcomes
(rewards)

Others input
(contributions)

Others outcomes
(rewards)
18

WHAT IS THE EXPECTANCY

THEORY OF MOTIVATION?

19

EXPECTANCY THEORY
Proposes that
employees are
motivated when
they believe
they can
accomplish the
task and the
rewards for
doing so are
worth the effort.

20

WHAT IS THE GOAL-SETTING THEORY

OF MOTIVATION?

21

GOAL-SETTING THEORY

22

HOW DOES A LEADER SET MEANINGFUL GOALS

& OBJECTIVES TO MOTIVATE SUBORDINATES?

23

CRITERIA FOR OBJECTIVES

24

OTHER CRITERIA FOR OBJECTIVES

25

REINFORCEMENT THEORY

MOTIVATE USING REINFORCEMENT

HOW MARKET AMERICA USE

REINFORCEMENT THEORY?

WHICH MOTIVATION THEORY IS THE

CORRECT ONE?

MOTIVATION PROCESS

MOTIVATION PROCESS WITH MOTIVATION

THEORIES

THE END
THANK YOU