TIMBER

PREPARED BY:
POONAMCHAND KHILERY

( U11CE019 )

REKHRAJ MEENA

( U11CE020 )

BHARGHAV SHARMA

( U11CE021 )

PRATIK GAJJAR

( U11CE023 )

B.TECH 3rd Year CIVIL ENGINEERING, SVNIT

What is timber ?

Timber is widely used in India for many purposes and one of

them is in Civil Engineering purpose.

There are more than 150 species of timber which are

produced in India, some famous varieties are babul,
bamboo, deodar, mahogany, oak, pine, sal, sandal, teak etc

New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is

commonly made from timber-framed construction.

Timberproducts are becoming a bigger part of the

construction industry. They may be used in both residential
and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic
materials.

Wood is most commonly used as shuttering material to form

the mould into which concrete is poured duringreinforced
concreteconstruction.

SHOULD HAVE
STRAIGHT
FIBRES AND
SHOULD BE
HARD

WORKABL
E,
ELASTIC
AND
DURABLE

SHOULD
HAVE HARD
AND SHINING
APPEARENCE

QUALITIE
S OF
GOOD
TIMBER
HEAVY
TIMBER
IS
STRONG

DARK
COLOURED
(LIGHT
COLOUR
MEANS LOW
STRENGHT)
FREE FROM
DEFECTS
(LIKE KNOTS,
FLAWS,
SHAKES,
ETC. )

FIRE
RESISTEN
T

PROCESSING OF TIMBER
FELLING

OF TREES- knocked or cut down to the ground from a

place a little above its roots.

SEASONING

OF ROOTS- the process of drying of timber is

known as seasoning. Water is to be removed before timber can be

used for construction

Kiln

seasoning- the drying of timber is carried inside an airtight

chamber or oven

Natural seasoning- drying of timber is done by natural air flow

CONVERSION

OF TIMBER- timber is cut and sawn into suitable

sections
PRESERVATIONS

OF TIMBER - to increase life of structure by

using preservatives like chemical salts, coal tar, oil paints, creosote
oil etc

Timber log cutting Machine at Surya

Vijay Timber, Sosyo Circle , Bhatar

Wood cutting Machine at Surya Vijay

Timber, Sosyo Circle , Bhatar

Common types of timber

used in surat
TIMBER

TEAK WOOD
(SAG)

BURMA
BORDER

PINE WOOD

VALSADI

(DEVDAR)

SAL WOOD

GHANA

DEODA
R

BURMA TEAK:

TEAK WOOD

Texture

of wood is coarse, uneven and oily to touch with a white

glistening deposit.

One

of the hardest, strongest and most durable of all natural

woods

Grains
Has

of woods are straight as well as slightly wavy.

an ability of medium bending.

Posses

high crush strength which is ideal for building different

kinds of
product.

It

is fissile, brittle with a great dimensional stability.

BURMA BORDER:
Highly

durable

Termite
Low

proof

maintenance

Resistant

to harsh environment

Burma Teak Wood

TEAK WOOD

VALSADI:
Long

life.

Light

weight.

High

durability

GHANA:
Available

in many colours

Moderately
Hard
Low

hard and heavy

and heavy

stiffness

Shock

Resistance

Moderate
Good

bending strength

turning and carving properties.

Valsadi Wood at Bharat Timber ,

Bhatar.

TEAK WOOD
TYPE

PRICE
(RS/GUN
FOOT)

APPLICATION
Rails
Hatches, Cabinets
Flooring
Garden furniture
Plywood
Decorative Veneers

BURMA TEAK

3150 - 4000

BURMA
BORDER

1700 - 2000

Furniture,

VALSADI

1200 - 3000

Doors, Windows and Furniture.

GHANA

1300 - 1500

Floorings, Furniture, Moldings,

Rafters, Wall cladding piers,
Railway sleepers, Doors, Frames,
Windows, Window Frames & Wood

SAL WOOD
PROPERTIES

APPLICATION

PRICE
(Rs. / Gun
Foot)

Heavy Construction
Heavier than teak
wood
Hard
Durable
Fibrous and
Coarse Grained

Framing
Beams
Bridges
Cooling Tower
Railway sleeper
Flooring etc...

1000 - 1100

Sal Wood

Comparison Between teak wood and

sal wood

TEAK WOOD

SAL WOOD

700800 kg/ cum

9001000 kg/
cum

Hardness

Relatively low

50% Harder than

teak

Durability

Natural Durability

2030% stronger
than teak

Color
Range

Yellow to dark
brown color

Pale brown in
color, darken on
exposure

Weight

Pine wood
PROPERTIES

Heavy and
Coarse- Grained
Decays quickly
when comes in
contact with soil.
Soft to medium
hardness

APPLICATION

PRICE
(Rs. / Gun
Foot)

Frames of doors
and
windows.
Furniture
Flooring
Wooden house
construction
Formwork
Centering

500 - 650

Pine Wood at Surya Vijay Timber,

Sosyo Circle , Bhatar

deodar
PROPERTIES

APPLICATION

PRICE
(Rs. / Gun
Foot)

Public Buildings in
Olden days.
Moderately
Strong and
Durable
Rot Resistant
Character
Easily Polished

Delicate works
where strength is
required
Beams
Floorboards
Doors, door frames,
& window frames
Furniture.

1800 - 3000

bamboo
APPLICATION:
Usually used as a
temporary exterior
structural material quite
common for scaffolding.
Also used for Bamboo
Trusses, Bamboo
Flooring, Bamboo Doors
and Windows.

Bamboo placed at Jai Bhavani

Timber, Bhatar Road.

Nilgiri
APPLICATION:
Mainly used for Scaffolding
and support work.

Nilgiri placed at Jai Bhavani Timber,

Bhatar Road.

Nilgiri is most of the times used to give support to the

structure that is under shuttering work.

Nilgiri placed behind

Electrical Dept.
Extension of Electrical Depatment

Nilgiri being used at a construction site behind

Jani Farsaan

applications

Formwork

Scaffolding or Shuttering

Shoring

Timbering in Trenches

Railway Sleepers

Wooden Roofing / Flooring

Doors, Windows and Ventilators

Lintels and Arches

Wooden Staircases

Aesthetic Purpose ( Furniture, Interiors, etc. )

Formwork
Formworkis the term given to either temporary or
permanentmouldsinto whichconcreteor similar
materials are poured.
In formwork the timber used is pine wood which is
placed in horizontal and vertical grid over a plywood.
PINE
WOOD

PLYWOOD

Formwork done in Extension of Applied

Physics, Mathematics, and Chemistry Dept.
at SVNIT
A temporary mould into which concrete is
poured
(in Extension of Applied Physics,
Mathematics, and Chemistry Dept, at
SVNIT)

Extension of Electrical Department at SVNIT

Formwork done in Extension of Electrical Department at SVNIT

Shuttering done for Stairs in the

Extension of Applied Physics,
Mathematics, and Chemistry Dept.
at SVNIT

Ply wood at Jai Bhavani Timber,

Bhatar Road.

Scaffolding
Scaffoldingis a temporary structure used to support people
and material in theconstructionorrepairsofbuildingsand
other large structures.

The purpose of a working

scaffold is to provide a safe
place of work with safe
access suitable for the work
being done.
Usually Nilgiri or bamboos
are used for scaffolding.
Sheer Magnificence
At Parle Point, Surat.

Scaffolding done at Sheer Magnificence Retail Hub at Parle Point, near SVNIT Surat.

Scaffolding at extension of Water Resource Department, SVNIT.

During shuttering,
this type of
arrangement is
made so that the
worker can stand on
it.
It involves joining 6
to 8 bamboo
together with pine
wood as shown in
the photo
Jai Bhavani Timber, Bhatar Road.

SHORING
Shoringis a general term used in construction to
describe the process of supporting a structure in order
to prevent collapse so that construction can proceed.
According to Building Construction by
Prof. A.S. Katodia,
Shoring is the construction of a
temporary structure required to
support an unsafe structure or a
building.

Shoring done on a Temple

Timbering in trenches
It is a type of shoring which
consists of a temporary
arrangement of timber planks or
boards and struts to provide
support to the sides of trench.

Photo Courtesy : Google images

Railway sleepers
Timber used in railway sleepers are oak,
pine, Beech & Jarra, Azobe, etc.

Wooden roofing and

flooring

Wooden Roofing in done in Hari Om Timbers office at Bhatar Road, Surat.

Wooden roofing and

flooring

Wooden Flooring at Kaashtha-Pragati

Timber Traders

Doors, Windows and

Ventilators

Civil Engg. Dept. 3rd year class room door

Wooden Door at Pratiks House

Wooden Ventilator

All Photo from Pratiks House

Wooden Window and Window Frame

Wooden staircase

Wooden Staircase at Kaashtha-Pragati Timber Traders

Front View of Wooden Staircase at

Kaashtha-Pragati Timber Traders

Wooden Staircase at Hari Om Timbers, Bhatar Road

Lintels and arches

Lintels

Arches

Furniture

A shop at Bhatar Raod

Pratiks House

Photo from Pratiks House

Aesthetic purposes and

interiors
Photos from KaashthaPragati Timber Traders

Mica
Thickness: 1.25 mm
Rate: Rs. 2000 per sheet

Mica
Thickness: 1 mm
Rate: Rs. 1450 - 1950 per sheet

Defects in timber

DEFECTS DUE TO CONVERSION (Cutting)- TORN

GRAIN,DIAGONAL GRAIN AND CHIP MARKS

DEFECTS DUE TO FUNGI- they attack timber when

following two conditions are fulfilled
1.

moisture content of timber is more then 20%

2.

warm air is present

DEFECTS DUE TO INSECTS- beetles, marine borers and

termites are the common insects responsible

DEFECTS DUE TO NATURAL FORCES- abnormal

growth and rupture of tissues caused by strong winds
and sun

DEFECTS DUE TO SEASONING (Drying)- bow, case

hardening, checks ,cup ,split ,twist, warp ,radial shakes

Advantages of using
timber
1.

It can be easily handled can be planned ,

sawn, joined with ordinary tools

2.

Combines light weight and strength, preferred

for earthquake prone areas

3.

Non conductor of heat, keeps house cool in

summer and warm in winter

4.

Economical and cheap , since waste is

minimum

5.

The additions , alterations and repairs can be

carried out easily

THANK
YOU