THE RELATION BETWEEN

DEGREE POSITIVITY OF TUBEX

TF TOWARD LEUKOCYTES COUNT
IN PATIENTS WITH TYPHOID
FEVER
Amalia Afiyatun Nazilah
20090310140
FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Backgroud
Prevalence
High
Mortality and
morbidity
Early
Detectio
n

Tubex
TF

Relation

Leukocyte
s count

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B. Problem Definition
Is there any relation between degree
positivity of TUBEX TF toward leukocytes
count in patients with typhoid fever?

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C. The Aim of Research
To determine
the relation
between
degree
positivity of
TUBEX TF
toward
leukocytes
count in
patients with
typhoid fever

TUBEX TF in
patients with
typhoid fever
leukocytes
count in
patients with
typhoid
fever
Relation
between
TUBEX TF
and
leukocytes
count

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D. Benefit of Research
1

3
Science

2
Clinicians

Communit
y

4
Researche
r

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E. The originality of research
Kawano, et al. (2007), Comparison
Serological Test Kits for Diagnosis
Typhoid Fever in the Philippines

of
of

Pohan (2004), Clinical and Laboratory

Manifestations
of Typhoid Fever
at
Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta

CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Basic Theory
1

4
Immunoglobul
in

Typhoid Fever
3
TUBEX TF test
2
Leukocyte in
Typhoid Fever

5
Leukocyte

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B. Conseptual Framework
Typhoid
Fever
Examinatio
n

TUBEX TF

Leukocytes
count

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C. Hypothesis
There is a negative correlation between the
increase of degree positivity of TUBEX TF
toward the decrease leukocytes count in
patients with typhoid fever.

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
Observational analytic with cross-sectional
approach

B. Place and Time of Research

PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta hospital for
8 months from May 2012 to December 2012

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C. Population and Sample
Population : patients with typhoid fever who
are hospitalize at PKU Muhammadiyah
Yogyakarta Hospital based on the medical
record.
Total sample :
n =

Z2 /2 P(1-P)
d2

minimal sample size 52.

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Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Inclusion : TUBEX TF examination and
leukocytes count have done in the same
time, the result of TUBEX TF must positive
4.
Exclusion : patients who have history of
decrease leukocytes count and patients who
are using the drugs can make the decrease
of leukocytes count.

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D. Variable and Operational Definition
Independe
nt Variable

Degree
positivity of
TUBEX TF

Dependent
Variable

Leukocytes
count

Normal range for leukocytes count in adult man 3,810,6x109/L as for adult female 3,6-11,0x109/L. 6 years
5.000-14.500/L, 8-12 years 4.500-13.500/L, 14-16
years 4.500-13.000/L and 18 years 4.500-12.500/L
(PDS Patklin, 2004).

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E. Research Instrument
Research permission
Data of medical record

F. Data Collection
Medical record collect the data of typhoid
fever patients the diagnosis based on TUBEX
TF examination which is noted the degree of
positivity leukocytes count was noted in the
same time record the result.

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G. Data Analyze
Spearma
n test

H. Stages of Research
Preparatio
n

Implementati
on

Resolutio
n

CHAPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Result
Table 1. Characteristic sample based on
Gender
n
%
gender
Man

44

51,2

Woman

42

48,8

Total

86

100

Table
2. Characteristic
on age
Age Category
n sample based
%
5-14 years

15

17,4

15-25 years

22

25,6

26-55 years

46

53,5

>55 years

3,5

Total

86

100

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Table 3. Characteristic sample based on
degree positivity of TUBEX TF
n

Positive 4

40

46,5

Positive 5

9,3

Positive 6

27

31,4

Positive 7

3,5

Positive 8

9,3

Total

86

100

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Table 4. Characteristic sample based on
leukocytes count
n

Leukopenia

11

12,8

Normal

71

82,6

Leukositosis

4,7

Total

86

100

n
Leukocytes
count

86

Min
Max
(rb/l) (rb/l)
2,5

14,2

Mean
(rb/l)

SD

6,6616 2,5179

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Table 5. Data tabulation between degree
positivity of TUBEX TF with leukocytes count in
patients with typhoid fever
Degree
positivity of
TUBEX TF

Leukocytes count (n)

Total

Leukopenia

Normal

Leukocytosis

Positive 4

6 (7%)

31 (36%)

3 (3,5%)

40 (46,5%)

Positive 5

1 (1,2%)

7 (8,1%)

0 (0%)

8 (9,3%)

Positive 6

2 (2,3%)

24 (27,9%)

1 (1,2%)

27 (31,4%)

Positive 7

0 (0%)

3 (3,5%)

0 (0%)

3 (3,5%)

Positive 8

2 (2,3%)

6 (7%)

0 (0%)

8 (9,3%)

Total

11 (12,8%)

71 (82,6%)

4 (4,7%)

86 (100%)

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Spearma
n test

p = 0,781 (p>0,05)
r = -0,030

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B. Discussion
. Pohan (2004) typhoid fever in male is
58,8% and female is 41,2%. Khosla (2008)
no special predilection for typhoid fever
cases by gender.
. Widodo (2009) TUBEX TF examination
should be do after 4-5 days of fever in
primary infection and 2-3 days of fever in
secondary infection.
. Keusch (1999) suggests that endotoxin
lipopolysaccharide on Salmonella typhi
may cause leukopenia.
. Gershon (2003) The normal leukocytes
count in typhoid fever can caused by the

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion

There is no significant negative correlation

between the increase of degree positivity of
TUBEX TF toward the decrease leukocytes
count in patients with typhoid fever

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B. Suggestion
Need for documentation and medical
record system more better about the
patients and their disease, so the data is
more accurate,
comprehensive, easy to
read and easy to understand. It is very
useful for educational purposes.
. For the validity of the results, the number
of sample and the homogenity of the sample
should be considered.

REFFERENCE

Chrishantoro, T. (2006). Informasi Produk TUBEX TF. Jakarta: PT.

Pacific Biotekindo Intralab.
Herawati, M. H., Ghani, L. (2009). Hubungan Faktor Determinan dengan
Kejadian Demam Tifoid di Indonesia Tahun 2007. Media Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Kesehatan, XIX(4):165-173.
Kawano, R. L., Leano, S. A., Agdamag, D. M. A. (2007). Comparison of
Serological Test Kits for Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever in the Philippines.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 45(1):246-247. Diakses 27 Maret 2012
dari http://jcm.asm.org/content/45/1/246#ref-list-1
Keusch, G. T. (1999). Salmonelosis. In K. J. Isselbacher, E. Braunwald,
J. D. Wilson, J. B. Martin, A. S. Fauci, et al. (Eds.). Harrison PrinsipPrinsip Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Ed. 13, Vol. 2, editor edisi bahasa
Indonesia Ahmad H. Asdie. Jakarta: EGC. pp 755-758.
Pohan, H. T. (2004). Clinical and Laboratory Manifestation of Typhoid
Fever at Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta. Acta Med Indones-Indones J
Intern Med, 36(2):78-83.
http://www.inaactamedica.org/archives/2004/15673941.pdf
Widodo, D. (2009). Demam Tifoid. In A. W. Sudoyo, B. Setiyohadi, I. Alwi,
M. Simadibrata & S. Setiati (Eds.). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, jilid
III, edisi V. Jakarta: InternaPublishing. pp 2797-2805.

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