ORBITA

Superior: frontal bone, lesser wing of sphenoid (ada optic canal), lacrimal
gland (di lacrimal fossa di bag. Anterior lateral), perlekatan septum (barrier
antara orbit dan eyelid)
------------superior orbital fissure------------Lateral: Zygomatic, greater wing of sphenoid [strongest part]
------------inferior orbital fissure------------Inferior : Maxilla (mainly, fracture commonly happened), zygomatic &
palantine
------------batas tdk terlalu jelas----------Medial: ethmoid, frontal,lacrimal, sphenoid
Puncak orbit : optic canal (foramen opticum)

EXOPTHALMOS (PROPTOSIS)
Displacement bola mata dari arah orbita ke
anterior
karena ada tumor
kondisi lain: Hypertiroidsm

Eyelid & Lacrimal Apparatus

Eyelid (kelopak mata/palpebrae)
Melindungi bola mata
Menjaga bola mata agar tetap basah
Canthus(angle of eye) :
tmpt upper & lower eyelid bertemu
M. Orbicularis oculi (N.VII)
Cilia/Bulu Mata
Ciliary Glands
Lacrimal apparatus:
a. Lacrimal glands.
b. Lacrimal ducts.
c. Lacrimal canaliculi
d. Nasolacrimal duct.

Di medial of eye:
Lacrimal lake ->
lacrimal caruncle (small mound of moist, pink
modified skin)
plica semilunaris (semilunar conjunctiva fold)
Lacrimal punctum-a small pit.
Lacrimal papilla a small elevation.
A similar punctum and papilla are on the upper
eyelid.

Lacrimal Gland
a. Almond shape orbital portion
In lacrimal fossa (superior-lateral)
b. Smaller palpebral portion
In superior conjunctiva fornix (temporal segment)
Secretion:
N. facialisp-symphathetic impulsenucleus saliv. Cranialisn.petrosus superf.majorganglion pterygopalatina/sphenopalatina
Lacrimal ducts (up to 12)
sup.conjunc. Fornix eyeballlacrimal lakelacrimal
punctalac.canaliculilac.sacnasolacrimal ductnasal cavity.

Nerve supply:
Para symphathetic fibers:
nucleus sal. cranialis-presynaptic fibers-n.petrosus majorganglion terygopalatina-postsynaptic fibers-gland: secretion
Symphathetic fibers:
Upper thoracal segmentpresynaptic fiberssuperior cervical
ganglionpost synaptic fibersplexusgland: vasocontriction.
+Plexus carotis interna:
nerve (symphathetic) plexus around internal carotid artery.

ORBITAL CONTENTS

EYEBALL,
OPTIC NERVE,
OCULAR MUSCLES,
FASCIA,
NERVES,
VESSELS,
FAT,
LACRIMAL GLAND,
CONJUNCTIVAL SAC.

Eyeball
a. Outer Layer: Sklera, Kornea
b. Middle Layer: Coroid, ciliary body, iris
c. Inner Layer : Optic part(retina), non visual part
1. Retina
Optic part
Menerima cahaya
Memiliki 2 layer :
Neural: yg menerima cahaya
Pigmented: memperkuat penyerapan cahaya koroid- dgn
mengurangi hamburan cahaya di mata

Fundus
Bagian Posterior dari mata
Optic Disc
Tempat saraf optik masuk ke bola mata.
Tidak peka cahaya (tdk memiliki serat saraf, tdk ada
photoreceptor)
Macula lutea(bintik kuning)
Lateral dari optic disc
Tempat plg peka cahaya
Banyak sel kerucut

Otot-Otot Orbita
1.Levator palpebra superior
2.Rectus ( Superior, Medial, Lateral)
3.Oblique (Superior & Inferior)
Inervasi:
N.IV: Oblique Superior (OS4)
N. VI: Rectus Lateralis (RL6)
N.III: sisanya

Arteri Orbita
a. Utama:
Opthalmic A.
b. Lainnya:
Infraorbital A.
Centra Retina A.
Cabang Opthalmic A.
Inferior dari optic nerve
Cabang terminalnya : End arteries (satu2nya pemasuk darah
ke retina)
Cabangnya: Spread over the internal surface of the retina.
Capillary lamina of choroid
Supplied nonvascular of retina, photoreceptor cells of retina
(rods and cones).

Vena Orbita
Superior Opthalmic V.
Inferior Opthalmic V.
melalui fisura orbital, masuk ke sinus cavernous dan pterygoid venous
plexus
Central Retina V.
Langsung ke sinus cavernous (ussually)
Bisa jg gabung dgn V. opthalmic
Scleral Venous sinus
Anterior chamber
Aquous humour dikembalikan ke aliran darah