PRESENTED TO:

Dr. Saleha
PRESENTED BY:
Hadia Tahir
Hina Naz
Rida Abid
Sana Iftikhar
Saba Hameed
Pharm D (4th Prof)
(2012-2017)

PHYSICAL PLANT AND

ITS EQUIPMENT

 Physical plant, refers to the necessary infrastructure used

in support and maintenance of a given facility.
It refers to locations, physical space, equipments and their
space allocation and furnishings of a particular structure.
Adequate pharmaceutical and administrative facilities is
one of minimum required standard for pharmacies.

PLANNING OF PHYSICAL
PLANT AND ITS EQUIPMENT
It includes:
Equipment planning
Architectural design
Controlled environment design
Other architectural aspects e.g. plumbing finishing

Planning is done following:

Master Planning
Functional Planning
Architectural Planning

MASTER PLANNING:
Dictates goals and objectives

FUNCTIONAL PLANNING:
Set forth the operational demands and equipment planning

ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING:
Translates mater planning and functional planning into
physical space, equipment and furnishing.
Architect gather information on objectives and goals of
pharmacy department by attending meetings with Hospital
Administrator, Pharmacy Departmental Head, Hospital
Pharmacist and Hospital Building Committee.

DEVELOPMENT OF
FUNCTIONAL PROGRAM
It includes following steps:
Determination of Pharmacy objectives and plan of
operation.
Determination of functions to be performed.
Determination of workflow and procedures.
Estimation of workload.
Determination of work areas needed.
Determination of personnel to be accommodated in each
work area.

 Determination of space, shape , furniture, equipment and

service needs of each work area.
Determination of interrelationship b/w work areas and
b/w pharmacy and other departments.
Arrangement of work areas to maximize the performance
functions.
Designing of schematic floor plans to meet requirements.
Evaluation of effectiveness of each design for meeting
requirements.
Review the above steps until an optimal design emerges.

LOCATION:
Location of Pharmacy should be so as it can:
Conveniently provide services to many departments of
hospital and nursing stations.
Easily accessible to inpatients and outpatients as well.
Pharmacy should be located at first floor,in the center of
activities. Basement of hospital is not desirable for
location of Hospital Pharmacy

SUB PHARMACIES
SATELLITE PHARMACY:
A satellite pharmacy is defined as a pharmacy in an
institution which provides specialized services for the
patients of the institution and which is dependent upon the
centrally located pharmacy for administrative control,
staffing, and drug procurement.
Their no. depends diversity of clinical services and distance
from main pharmacy.

ADVANTAGES
Cut the cost on transportation.
Being able to respond to clinical needs of pt.
Enable the pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical services
to patient, physician and nurse.
Pharmacist is available for taking pt. drug histories,
maintaining pt. drug policies and observing pt. for drug
reactions and toxicities.

FLOOR SPACE
The method of space allocation to a floor is based on :

Number of beds

Work load of outpatients

The allocation on the basis of beds depends on basic

estimates range from 10 sq feet per bed in 100 beds
hospital, 6 sq. feet per bed in 200 bed hospital and on
average of 5 sq. feet per in large hospitals . Area is
measured in sq. foot or sq. inches exclusive of walls and
partitions .

With the evolution of pharmacy profession and emergence

of new role of clinical pharmacist as a centre of solution to
all drug related issues, varied functions and services of
current pharmacy practice are being provided,
ranging from standard type dispensing to unit dose
dispensing,
intravenous additives programs
Drug information centers
Extemporaneous compounding

All these demand for an effective method of space

allocation. The space requirement of a hospital pharmacy is
determined by following factors :
Variety and scope of the services provided
Type of equipment used in the program
Expected future expansions

The floor space is provided for following areas:

Cleanup area
Nonsterile mixing and filling areas
Prepackaging area
Injection reconstitution area
Labeling and inspection area
Quarantine storage area

CLEAN UP AREAS:
In such areas cleaning and steaming of packaging materials and
utensils is done ,therefore it is the demand of pharmacy involved in
compounding or manufacturing of extemporaneous preparations.it
should have pass through windows and floor area with a floor drain.

NON-STERILE MIXING AND FILLING

ROOM:
Its nothing but a preparation area, where the formula is compounded
but not necessarily aseptic.in this area , the mixing and filling of
liquid must be separated form ointments, though both may be I the
same room.
Adequate space must be provided for storage purpose.

PREPACKAGING AREA:
An area in pharmacy for the packaging of oral dosage form
into containers

INJECTION
RECONSTITUTION AREA:
Its a place for addition of water for injection for powdered
injectable.
Area must be provided with laminar air flow hoods.

LABELING AND INSPECTION

ROOM:
The labeling and inspection room of hospital pharmacy
manufactured products is to be located adjacent to filling areas
Pass through windows are used for the transfer of unlabeled
products
Area must be provided with labeling accessories

QUARANTINE STORAGE AREA:

An area where the manufactured or filled products in the
pharmacy are detained until declared pass the chemical
and biological quality control testing.

TEMPERATURE
CONTROLLED STORAGE
FACILITIES
The drug storage temperature requirements are any of the
following:
Refrigerator
Cold place
Cool place
Excessive heat

REFRIGERATOR:
Temperature- (2C 8C)

COLD PLACE:
Temperature- (not exceeding 8C)

COOL PLACE:
Temperature- (8C 15C)

ROOM TEMPERATURE:
Temperature- (15C 30C)

EXCESSIVE HEAT:
Temperature- (above 40C)
Avoid excessive heat

 Drug storage and safety is the responsibility of a

pharmacist.
In larger hospital, the refrigerator is too small to
accommodate the inventory requiring refrigeration.
For this purpose a cold room is constructed.
The cold room is artificially cooled area with a regulated
temperature of 12 15C.

FEATURES OF
ROOM ARE:

COLD

The walls of room may be constructed of concrete,

concrete blocks or bricks.
The door should fit tightly, no larger than necessary.
The windows are double-paned.
The switch controlling the light should be on the outside
wall near to the entrance.
An electric motor-driven air cooled Freon compressor
unit is required for refrigeration.

 The blower is mounted in the cold room.

The room can be equipped with necessary shelving,
storage binds, cabinets and work bench.

ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROLLED FACILITYVENTILATION
Air conditioning of the pharmacy is desirable for:
It provides ventilation even when doors and windows are
closed.
The use of various autoclaves, ovens and steam kettles
may render the working environment too hot.
It permits maintenance of a temperature compatible with
official storage requirements for drugs irrespective of
climate conditions.

 Adequately removes strong odors characteristic of the

chemicals used.
Since the doors and windows can be kept closed, there
can be effected a saving in the cost of housekeeping
service in the pharmacy.

EQUIPMENT PLANNING
The equipment planning and subsequent purchase of major
equipments for pharmacy is the joint responsibility of
hospital administrator, pharmacist purchasing agent of
the material management department and an architect.

The equipment planning will largely dependent on the:

Number
Varieties and
Per day duration of services offered from the hospital
pharmacy.

TYPE AND NUMBER OF

EQUIPMENT
The type & number of equipments can be evaluated on the
basis of determinants of their relative significance and rating
by classifying them into:
Deserving essential considerations,
Requiring further study before being included or
excluded and
Can be included.

PARAMETERS
The following are the parameters, which will dictate the
equipment planning:
Service options
Choices of internal activities
Work load and work flow
Automation
Work area
Ways of communication & transport
Environmental control requirements

EQUIPMENT SELECTION
CRITERIA
Each equipment is carefully selected on the basis of some
criteria as mentioned below:
Efficient provision of services.
Affordable operating cost.
Requiring minimal maintenance.
Offering maximum safe performance

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Equipment required for the pharmacy are categorized into:
Fixed equipment &
Movable equipment

FIXED EQUIPMENT
The equipment requiring installation and is to be attached
to the building is called fixed equipment.
Examples:
Cabinets
Counters
Sinks
Elevators etc.

SPECIAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE

GIVEN TO THE COUNTER TOPS
AND THESE MUST:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Offer resistance to corrosion and abrasion.

Withstand impact without flaking or peeling.
No or little effect of high humidity.
High color retention quality if colored to resist
appreciable discoloration.
5. Must have the abrasion resistant finish-coat.
6. Reagent resistant finish-coat to acids, alkalies, oils and
solvents.

MOVABLE EQUIPMENT
Movable equipments are capable of being moved and are
not intended to be permanently affixed to the building.
Examples:
Carts
Desks
Balances
Mixers etc.

OTHER UTILITIES
Electric lighting and services
Transport system
Plumbing
FINISHES
o Work counters
o Floors
o Walls

ELECTRIC LIGHTING
AND SERVICES
Smooth and safe functioning of any activity require the
appropriate electric lighting and sufficient number of
ground outlets.
Lighting is based on the location ,operation and
environment.
For critical work areas such as prescription dispensing
area, manufacturing area, I/v admixture area.

 Ground electrical outlets should be provided in all areas

in which use of electrical equipment may be indicated.

TRANSPORT SYSTEM
From pharmacy to various destinations in hospital.
With the help of messenger ,porter or helper is less
efficient and time consuming.
Modern technology has made available automated means
of transporting.

 Including conveyor belt and pneumatic tube system.

These are used in all pharmaceutical manufacturing units
of country but not yet in hospital pharmacy.
Drugs and supplies can conveyed through moving belts to
the nursing station and desired destination.

PLUMBING
The system of pipeline for the supply of water to desired
areas and disposal of wastes.
Pharmacist has to advice the architect about details and
requirement of points for hot and cold water for
pharmacy and nature of material which will be disposed
of through the various waste lines.

FINISHES
WORK COUNTERS:
The work counters in pharmacy for writing, dispensing,
counting of drugs receipt of drugs.
It should be such material that does not show peeling,
distortion, erosion or sticking.
For these units Formica or similar material is efficient
and durable.

FLOORS:
Floor should be smooth, non slippery, stain resistant .
Asphalt tile, vinyl tiles, ribber tile and heavy duty
linoleum.
Carpeting of floors gives aesthetic impact in a pharmacy.
For manufacturing room should be supplied with covered
drain system.

WALLS:
Should be painted with material that permits periodic
washing without losing its colour.
Ceramic tiles or other comparable material should be
used.