FORCES

Tyas Ajeng Puspitasari, M.Pd

Part 1:
subtopics 1 to 3

Sub-topics
Newton 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Laws
Mass and Weight
Stretching and Compression (Hookes Law)
More about vector
Moving in Circles
Momentum
2

Newton 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Laws

Force is a push or a pull, exerted by one

object on another.
Force is a vector quantity, which has
magnitude and direction.
The SI unit of force is newton (N).
Examples of forces:
Force
is :measured
using
balance.
Weight
the gravitational force
on anspring
object

Tension: the force in a stretched material

Friction: the force that opposes the motion of one material sliding past another
Air resistance: one type of friction
Thrust: the forward force from an engine
3
Up thrust: the upward force from a liquid (or gas)

Newton 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Laws

Newton
1st Law:

If no external force is acting on it,

an object will:
if stationary, remain stationary
The law of inertia"if moving, keep moving at a
Inertia
is the resistance
steady
velocityto change in
velocity.

TEXTBOOK PAGE 36 -37

Newton 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Laws

Newton
2nd Law:

The resultant force of an object is

equal to the product of its mass
and acceleration

TEXTBOOK PAGE 38 -39

Newton 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Laws

Newton
3rd Law:

TEXTBOOK PAGE 44-45

If object A exert a force on object

B, the object B will exert and
equal
but
opposite
on
object
The every
action
there is an force
equal but
opposite
reaction.
A

Newton 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Laws

RESULTANT
FORCE

Sum of all the forces on an object is Resultant

force

If there are two ore more forces working in same

direction, the resultant force is obtained by adding
the two forces
F2
F1
F1
F2

FR

If the two forces have opposite directions, then the

resultant force is subtracting the smaller one from
F1
the
bigger
one
with
the
direction
following
the
F1

bigger force
F2

TEXTBOOK PAGE 38 - 39

F2

FR

Newton 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Laws

Balanc
ed
Force

Newton
st
1
Law:
if stationary, remain
stationary
if moving, keep moving at a
steady velocity
TEXTBOOK PAGE 36 - 39

Unbalan
ced
Force

Newton
2nd Law:

Resultant force causes an

acceleration in the same
direction as the resultant
force.

Newton 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Laws

Terminal velocity

As a skydiver falls, he accelerates downwards,

gaining speed with each second.
The increase in speed is accompanied by an
increase in air resistance.
As the skydiver falls faster and faster, the amount
of air resistance increases more and more until it
approaches the magnitude of the force of gravity.
Once the air resistance equal to the force of
gravity, a balance of forces is attained and the
skydiver no longer accelerates (Newtons First
Law). The skydiver is said to have reached a
terminal velocity.
TEXTBOOK PAGE 36 - 37

Mass and Weight

Gravitational Force
All masses attract each other
The greater the masses, the stronger the force
The closer the masses, the stronger the force

WEIGH
T

Earths gravitational force on an

object

TEXTBOOK PAGE 42-43

W
10

Mass and Weight

CHANGING WEIGHT, FIXED MASS

The moons
gravitational
strength is weaker
than on Earth.
Weight of object on
moon would be less
than on Earth.
However, the mass
is constant.
TEXTBOOK PAGE 42-43

11

Stretching and Compression (Hookes Law)

Elasticityis the property of materials to return to their

original shape and size after the forces deforming them have
been removed

Hookes Law

The extension is proportional to the load

A material obeys Hookes

law, if beneath its elastic
limit.

TEXTBOOK PAGE 64-65

12

Stretching and Compression (Hookes Law)

Stretching a spring
A steel spring is stretched by hanging
masses from one end. The force is called
the load.
As the load is increases, the spring
stretches more and more.
Extension is the difference between its
stretched and unstretched lengths.

Spring constant (k).

Its a property of the spring,
Based on Hookes law:

TEXTBOOK PAGE 64-65

F
13