PHILOSOPHICAL
HERITAGE
School context
Why do I teach?
What should I teach?
How should I teach?
What is the nature of the learner?
How do we learn?
FIVE
PHILOSOPHIES
OF EDUCATION
Essentialism
Why teach
To acquire basic knowledge, skills and values
To transmit traditional moral values and intellectual knowledge that
students need to become model citizen
What to teach
Emphasis is on academic content for students to learn basic skills or the
fundamental rs
riting, reading, rithmetic, right conduct
Traditional disciplines, such as math, natural science, history, foreign
language, literature
How to teach
Emphasize mastery of the subject
Use prescribed textbooks
Heavy stress on memorization
Teachers are expected to be
Intellectual and moral models
Fountain of information
Paragon of virtue
Teachers have to observe
Longer school day
Longer academic year
Progressivism
Why teach
To develop learners into becoming enlightened and intelligent
citizens
To teach learners to live fully now and not to prepare them for
adult life
What to teach
Need-based and relevant curriculum
Responds to students needs and that relates to students
personal lives and experiences
Skills to cope with change
Natural and social sciences
New scientific, technological, and social developments
Perennialism
Why teach
To develop students rational and moral powers
What to teach
Heavy on humanities and general education
Great books of ancient and medieval as well as modern times
How to teach
Centered around teachers
Socratic dialogues
Existentialism
Why teach
To help students understand and appreciate themselves as
unique individuals
To help students define their own essence
How to teach
Focus on the individual
Learning is self-paced, self-directed
Behaviorism
Why teach
To modify and shape students behavior
What to teach
Teach students to respond favorably to various stimuli in the
environment
How to teach
Ought to arrange environmental conditions
FORMULATING
YOUR
PHILOSOPHY OF
EDUCATION
Philosophy of Education
Window to the world
Compass in life
It is your own thought and formulation
Reflected in your dealings with students, colleagues, parents and
administrators
My Philosophy of Education as a
Grade School Teacher
I believe that every child
has a natural interest in learning and is capable of learning
is an embodied spirit
can be influenced but not totally by his/her environment
is unique and so comparing a child to other children has no basis
I believe there are unchanging values in changing times and these must
be passed on to every child by my modeling, value inculcation and value
integration in my lessons.
SOCIETY AND
YOU
Community Perception on
Benefits and Attitudes about
Teachers
and
Teaching
The community respondents strongly agreed that teachers:
1. help develop the moral character of children.
2. are second parents.
3. are assets to the community.
THE
FOUNDATIONAL
PRINCIPLES OF
MORALITY AND
YOU
What is morality?
The quality of human acts by which we call them right or wrong, good or evil.
(Panizo, 1964)
Human action is right when it conforms with norm, rule or law of morality.
Mans action, habit or character is good when it is not lacking of what is
natural to man. Man has intellect and free will. Intellect makes a man capable
of thinking, judging and reasoning . Free will gives him the ability to choose.
VALUES
FORMATION AND
YOU