DECISION MAKING

What you think what is decision making?

Decision Making

1. What is
Decision Making?

4. Guidelines
For Decision Making

2. Nature of
Decision Making

3. Decision
Making Process

Decision Making
The process by which individuals select a course
of action among several alternatives, to produce
desired results.
A choice from two or more alternative

Nature of Decision Making

Goal-oriented- decisions are made to achieve some
purpose
Alternatives- choice leads to decisions
Analytical-intellectual- also based on intuition
Dynamic process- decisions depends on situations
Pervasive function
Continuous activity- not one shot deal
Human and social process- u have to see how it
affects ur people

Process of Decision Making

The Decision-Making Process

Steps

Tips

1. Define the decision clearly.

A lot of decision making goes wrong at the starting

point.
the more specific your definition of the decision is to
made, the clearer will be your analysis and the
likelihood of success.

2. Consider all the possible

choices.

Successful decision makers explore all of the

possible choices of the situation.
In fact many of the less obvious choices turn out to
be the most effective ones.

3. Gather all relevant information

and evaluate all the pros and
cons of each possible choice.

In many cases, we may lack sufficient information to

make an informed decision.
Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each
choice

4. Select the choice that seems to

best meet the needs of the
situation.

Synthesize all what you learned in previous steps

and make a conclusion that you believe to be your
best choice.

5. Implement a plan of action and

then monitor the results, making
necessary adjustments.

Once you have selected your best choice, you need

to develop and implement a specific and concrete plan
of action.
As you begin taking the steps in your plan, you will
discover that adjustments need to be made.

Guidelines for effective Decision

Making

1. The problem should be defined properly

2. More quantity of reliable information leads
to effective decision making
3. Number of views should be taken into
account
4. Decisions should be made at proper time

Group decision-making

Advantages of Group Decision Making

Advantages
1. Greater pool of knowledge
2. Different perspectives so more creativity
3. People understand the decision better
4. Increased acceptance and commitment
5. Training ground

Disadvantages of Group- Decision Making

Disadvantages
1. Notorious time wasters
2. Some may be dominating
3. Costly
4. Easy to avoid responsibility
5. Disagreement may lead to conflict and ill feelings

Group Decision making Techniques

1. Brainstorming
2. Synetics
3. Nominal Group technique
4. The Delphi technique

Brainstorming- A
technique that
encourages group
members to generate as
many new ideas as
possible, on a given
topic without evaluating
them

Synetics- Synetic group consists of

members having varied background and
training. The leader states the problem and
asks the group to offer solutions. The
evaluation of ideas takes place at the same
time.

Nominal Group Technique

used to narrow
down options through voting. It is a group in name only.
StepsThe leader explains the problem to the members
Each member writes down his ideas independently
Each member then presents a single idea to the
group, which is written on the blackboard
Discussion is done to evaluate the ideas
Individual then votes on priority

Delphi Technique
StepsProblem is identified by the leader
Experts are identified
Questionnaire is structured and mailed to experts
Leader collect responses and prepares a feedback
report
The feedback report and questionnaires are again
sent to the experts for reaction and reassessment
Each member evaluates feedback report and
develop new suggestions
Process continues till a clear solution emerges