Cost effective and environmental

friendly distribution
transformer

By
ANIL KUMAR
CHANDANA

INTRODUCTION
Transformer is a static device to transfer electrical
power from one circuit to another circuit without
changing frequency.
It is an important equipment commonly used in
transmission and distribution system which are
responsible for stable and reliable power system.
Transformers in
substations power transformers
streets distribution transformers

 According to the method of cooling transformers are

mainly classified into two types
Liquid filled type
Dry type
Rating of machine depends on cooling system used.
Type of transformer

Cooling material used

Liquid filled type

Oil

Dry type

Self air or air blast

Oil immersed transformers are

most preferred.
Greater energy efficiency
Lower sound level
Smaller footprint
Much longer operating life
Ease of maintenance and repairability

R&D Goals for Improved Health and

Environmental Safety
Increased

Rate of Biodegradation

Essentially
Derived

Non-Toxic if Consumed.

from Natural and Renewable Resources.

The Cooper Power Systems Solution

Envirotemp FR3 Dielectric Fluid
FR3 fluid is formulated from seed oils like
soybeans.
It has the following characteristics

Environmental Characteristics
Fire Safety Characteristics
Performance Characteristics / Enhanced Life

Envirotemp FR3 the

First Truly Green Dielectric Fluid
Renewable

Resource Based
Rapid and Complete
Biodegradation
Non-Toxic
Does Not Contain Petroleum,
Silicones, or Halogens

Less Flammable Fluid

Fire

Points:
Mineral Oil
- 155 C
Envirotemp FR3 360 C

Fire
safety

High dielectric strength

At 0.08inch gap and 25C
FR3 fluid - 56kv
Mineral oil - 45kv

Biodegradation

Water (H20)
Oxygen (O2)
Organisms

Hydrogen

What promotes Biodegradation?

Inside the Sealed Tank

Minimal Water or Oxygen
No Organisms

O
Oxygen

Carbon

Outside the Tank

Water, Oxygen, and Organisms

Products of Biodegradation
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Water (H20)

Results of the Sealed System Study

Aging of paper depends primarily on temperature

and water content.
Paper Aged in the Seed-Oil based fluid took 5-8
times longer to reach end of life parameters than
paper aged in Mineral Oil.

Limitations:
High viscosity
High cost
Fluid type

Relative cost

Mineral oil

1.00

FR3 oil

1.30

Effect of Flux Density and Current

Density on Distribution Transformer
Effect of higher flux density
Area of crossection of core is reduced
But eddy current and hysteresis losses are
increased
Effect of higher current density
Copper weight is reduced
But copper losses are increased slightly.

Conclusion
Use of FR3 oil in transformer makes it
environmentally friendly
Optimum size and cost of distribution transformer
can be achieved by designing it with flux density
1.75Wb/sq.m and current density 3.2amp/sq.mm