TYPES

OF
READING

SKIMMING

Reading a text quickly to

get a general idea of
meaning

 Skim the infographic in 15

seconds. What is it all about?

SCANNING
Reading a text quickly in
order to find specific
information

TASK: Scan the article. Which paragraph talks about how to keep pollution
from arising.
Pollution is the degradation of natural environment by external substances introduced
directly or indirectly. Human health, ecosystem quality and aquatic and terrestrial
biodiversity may be affected and altered permanently by pollution.
Pollution occurs when ecosystems can not get rid of substances introduced into the
environment. The critical threshold of its ability to naturally eliminate substances is
compromised and the balance of the ecosystem is broken.
The sources of pollution are numerous. The identification of these different pollutants
and their effects on ecosystems is complex. They can come from natural disasters or
the result of human activity, such as oil spills, chemical spills, nuclear accidents. These
can have terrible consequences on people and the planet where they live: destruction
of the biodiversity, increased mortality of the human and animal species, destruction of
natural habitat, damage caused to the quality of soil, water and air.
Preventing pollution and protecting the environment necessitate the application of
the principles of sustainable development. we have to consider to satisfy the needs of
today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This
means that we should remedy existing pollution, but also anticipate and prevent future
pollution sources in order to protect the environment and public health. Any
environmental damage must be punishable by law, and polluters should pay
compensation for the damage caused to the environment.

INTENSIVE READING
Reading in detail with
specific learning aims
and tasks

Rearrange the following sentences in logical order.

A. In October 13, 2016, the General Assembly appointed by
acclamation the former Prime Minister of Portugal, Antnio Guterres,
as the next United Nations Secretary-General, to succeed Ban Kimoon when he steps down on 31 December later that year.
B. It is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating
cooperation in international law, international security, economic
development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of
world peace.
C. The members of the UN consist of 193 member states, including
every internationally recognized sovereign state in the world but
Vatican City.
D.The philosophy behind its establishment is to stop wars between
countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue.
E. The United Nations was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace
the League of Nations.

Answer:
[E] The United Nations was founded in 1945 after World War II to
replace the League of Nations.
[B] It is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating
cooperation in international law, international security, economic
development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world
peace.
[D] The philosophy behind its establishment is to stop wars between
countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue.
[C] The members of the UN consist of 193 member states, including
every internationally recognized sovereign state in the world but
Vatican City.
[A] In October 13, 2016, the General Assembly appointed by
acclamation the former Prime Minister of Portugal, Antnio Guterres, as
the next United Nations Secretary-General, to succeed Ban Ki-moon
when he steps down on 31 December later that year.

EXTENSIVE READING
Reading for pleasure

T Y PES OF
KNOWLEDGE IN
READING

SYNTACTIC KNOWLEDGE
involves the way that words are
assembled and sentences are constructed
in a particular language

SYNTACTIC KNOWLEDGE
while semantic knowledge involves the
meaning found from the actual text,
symbols and signs themselves

SYNTACTIC KNOWLEDGE
understanding of the grammar of a
language

How does a
language work?
How are
phrases,
sentences and
clauses formed?

MORPHOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
recognition, understanding, and use of
word parts that carry significance

MORPHOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
root words
prefixes
Suffixes
grammatical inflections (e.g., -s or -es for
plurals)

How are words

formed? How can
word meanings
change when
letters are added
to root words?

GENERAL WORLD
KNOWLEDGE
the experience that individuals bring to any
learning situation

GENERAL WORLD
KNOWLEDGE
gives us the hook that we can hang new
information or ideas on

GENERAL WORLD
KNOWLEDGE
allows us to bring meaning to something that
was previously vague or totally unfamiliar to us

How are words

formed? How can
word meanings
change when
letters are added
to root words?

SOCIOCULTURAL KNOWLEDGE
awareness of the societies and cultures of
the target language, and therefore of the
contexts the language is used in

TOPIC KNOWLEDGE
understanding or experience that the reader
has related to the topic being studied

TOPIC KNOWLEDGE
familiarity or exposure = digest information
(text)

GENRE KNOWLEDGE
the comprehension the reader has of the
kind of text being studied, e.g. scientific,
expository, mystery, poetry, etc.

THATS
ALL