ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

A PRESPECTIVE
 Centralized Generation

Plug and play

Ease of transportation

Conversion Flexibility

Clean and cheap

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 Power System Development
The first power network in the US
the first electric network in the US was established in
1882 at New York City by Thomas Edison which operated
at 110 V d.c.
the power was generated by dc generators and distributed
by underground cables
because of high RI2loss at low voltage, the energy could
only be delivered to short distance from the power station
high loss, short deliver distance are the limitations of the
dc power network

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 Power System Development
Development of AC Power System
At 1885 William Stanley invented transformer to raise the level of
ac voltage for transmission and distribution purpose
At 1888 Nikola tesla invented induction motor which are simpler
and rugged in construction and cheaper as compared to DC
motor
Both William Stanley and Nikola tesla conducted extensive
research and got patents for their invention for the sake of George
Westinghouse

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 Power System Development
Battle between AC and DC Power network
The use of transformer for transmitting power over longer distances
and at higher voltages justified the use of a.c.
The polyphase induction motor which serve the majority of industrial
and residential purposes replaced the use of d.c. motors
The advantage of the a.c. system is that due to lack of commutators
in the ac generators, more power can be produced conveniently at
higher voltages
The use of steam generators which have a higher efficiency at high
speed made the use of a.c. generator superior to d.c. generator

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 Power System Development
Battle between AC and DC Power network
The George Westinghouse calls for prevalent AC system with the
support of Nikola tesla and William Stanley While Edisons
company supported the DC Transmission
But owing to the advantages of AC system and limitations of DC
system the power was generated, transmitted and
distributed as alternating current
Finally the first single phase AC system was established at the
end of 18th century
In the beginning of the 19 th century Edison company installed first
three phase system at 2.3 kV

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 Power System Development
Interconnection
In the beginning, many electrical companies were
developed and started generating AC power at different
frequencies anywhere between 25Hz to 133Hz
As the need for interconnection and parallel operation
became evident, standard 60Hz was adopted in the US,
Canada, Taiwan, etc. European adopts 50Hzsystem
fewer generators are required as a reserve
energy generation and transmission more economical and

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 Power System Development
Development of HVDC Transmission
DC transmission line has advantages in transferring more
power for the same ac line due to no reactance,
asynchronous link between two ac systems
DC transmission is an effective means to improve
performance
The first commercially used high voltage dc (HVDC) link in
the world was built in 1954 between the mainland of Sweden
and island of Gotland
At present the world has over 60 schemes in the operation
for a total capacity of more than 66000 MW
The highest transmission voltage reached 1500kV

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 Power System Development
In Pre independent India
the commissioning of 130KW generator, in 1897,at
sidrapong in Darjeeling
the Calcutta Electric Supply (CSEC) company
established the first 1000KW steam engine driven plant
in 1899 at Calcutta

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 Power System Development
When India attains Independence
Generation and distribution of electrical power
was carried out primarily by private utility
companies.
the installed capacity was as low as 1360 MW
Government of India took upon itself the task
of developing the power sector

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 Power System Development
First Five year Plan (1951-1956)
the total installed capacity was around 3420MW
for transporting this power to load centers, transmission
line up to 110KV voltage levels were constructed
Second Five Year Plan (1956 1961)
Emphasis was on the development of basic and heavy
industries
total installed capacity increased to 5700 MW

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 Third Five year Plan (1961-1966)
the total installed capacity was around 10170MW
Emphasis was on rural electrification and emergence of
inter state grid system
for transporting this power to load centers, transmission
line up to 230KV voltage levels were constructed
Fourth Five Year Plan (1969 1974)
tarapur nuclear power plant 2210MW units were
commissioned in April May 1969
by August 1972 the first unit of 220MW of the Rajasthan
Atomic power project kota was added to the nuclear
generating capability

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 Fifth Five year Plan (19741979)
the total installed capacity was around 20500 MW
The Electricity Supply Act was amended in 1975, which
enabled the central government to enter into power
generation and transmission.
NTPC and NHPC was set up in 1975
First 400KV voltage level
Sixth Five Year Plan (1980 1985)
the total installed capacity was around 42584.72MW
GOI approved the setting up of gas based combined cycle projects by NTPC. World bank
agreed to provide 480 million US$ which was the largest single loan in the history of the bank

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 Seventh Five year Plan (19851990)
the total installed capacity was around 63636.34MW
Growth of Regional grids-400kV back bone
NPCIL was incorporated as Public limited company on
1987
First HVDC 400kV,500MW Back-Back scheme has
been commissioned (singrauli vindyachal)
Formation of Power grid corporation of India limited
First HVDC Bi-pole line
Generation of electricity opened to private sector
Eighth Five Year Plan (1992 1997)
the total installed capacity was around 85795.37 MW

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 Ninth Five Year Plan (1998 2002)
the total installed capacity was around 105,045.96 MW
Electricity regulatory commission Act was formed in 1998
Installation of 765kV Transmission line( initially charged at
400kV)in 1998
Tenth Five year Plan (2002 2007)
the total installed capacity was around 132329.21MW
Electricity Act 2003 was formed
The Rajiv Gandhi scheme of rural electricity infrastructure
and house hold electrification
Synchronization of NR with ER-NER- WR
765 KV Transmission System

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 Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007 2012)
the total installed capacity was around 199,877.03 MW
800kV HVDC Bi-pole line

Twelfth Five year Plan (2012 2017)

the total installed capacity was around 227,356.73 MW as
on 31.08.13

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 Per Capita Energy Consumption(kWh)
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 Transmission and Distribution Loss

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 Year Cost of supply Realization(Paisa/unit)
Including Only
(Paisa/ unit) Agriculture agriculture

2004-05 254 209 75.68

2005-06 260 221 76.36
2006-07 276 227 74.23
2007-08 293 239 77.27
2008-09 340 263 87.13
2009-10 355 268 88.70
2010-11 378 301 115.12

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 MW Thermal Hydro Nuclear Total

72,340.00 10,897.00 5,300.00 88,537.00

% age 81.71 12.31 5.99 100.00

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 Vision 2020 for the power
sector
Sufficient power to achieve GDP growth rate
of 9%
Reliability of power
Quality power
Optimum power cost
Commercial viability of power industry
Power for ALL

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 Power Sector in Tamil Nadu
Institutional Structure

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 Power Sector in Tamil Nadu
Installed Generation Capacity

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 Power Sector in Tamil Nadu
Central Grid Share

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 Power Sector in Tamil Nadu

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 Power Sector in Tamil Nadu

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