GSM Call Routing

RK
 Agenda
GSM-Introduction
Mobile Station (ME+SIM)
HLR, VLR
Location Update
Call Routing Scenarios
Mobile Originated Sequence
Mobile Terminated Sequence
Mobile-to-Mobile Long distance
Mobile in Roaming (Domestic, International)
Call Handover
Questions
Mobile Station(MS)
 HLR / VLR
Home Location Registers (HLR)

o permanent database about mobile subscribers in

a large service area(generally one per GSM
network operator)
o database contains IMSI, MSISDN,
prepaid/postpaid, roaming restrictions, MSC/VLR,
supplementary services.

Visitor Location Registers (VLR)

o Temporary database which updates whenever new

MS enters its area, by HLR database
o Controls those mobiles roaming in its area
o Reduces number of queries to HLR
o Database contains IMSI, TMSI, MSISDN, MSRN,
Location Area, authentication key
GSM Architecture

EIR AuC
Brief Introdution to Location Upda

Three types of Location Update :

IMSI Attach/Detach

Normal Location Update

Periodic Location Update
 Questions

Please give the sequence:

1.The called MS is powered off.
2.The called MS activates the CFU to a
PSTN No.
3.The called MS has been barred all
incoming call.
4.The Called MS are not known at HLR
1. The called MS is powered off
AP Vodafone AP Airtel
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC GMSC
Initial and Final
MSISDN
1 Address Message
( +91 9885 xxxxxx
MSISDN
2 Send Routing Info ( +91 9885 xxxxxx

3 Routing Info Ack

Subscriber Absent The Calling Mobile

hears the
announcement of
mobile is powered
off
2. The called MS activates the CFU to a PSTN No.

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

MSISDN
Initial and Final +91 9885 xxxxxx
1 Address Message

MSISDN
2 Send Routing Info +91 9885 xxxxxx

3 Routing Info Ack

CFN
+91 40 66235307
4 IFAM
3. The called MS has been barred all incoming call.

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC GMSC

Initial and Final MSISDN
1 Address Message +91 9885 xxxxxx

MSISDN
2 Send Routing Info
+91 9885 xxxxxx

3 Routing Info Ack

Call Barred
4. The Called MS are not known at HLR

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC GMSC

Initial and Final MSISDN
1 Address Message +91 9885 xxxxxx

MSISDN
2 Send Routing Info
+91 9885 xxxxxx

3 Routing Info Ack

Unknown Subscriber
GSM Architecture Cntd
Call Routing
Scenarios
 Mobile Originated Sequence

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN

1 CHANNEL REQUEST Signaling Link request

DCCH ASSIGN Signaling Link Granted

SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED

Channel request
2 REQ. FOR SERVICE

3 AUTHENTICATION

SET Cipher MODE

Setup Voice Call

4 SET-UP
Dailed digits +91 40 66235307
5 EQUIP. ID REQ.

6 COMPLETE CALL

CALL PROCEEDING Call setup is in Process

 Mobile Originated Sequence

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN

7 ASSIG. COMMAND
Switch from Signaling
ASSIG. COMPLETE Mode to Voice
+91 40 66235307
8.Initial and Final Address Switch routes the call to PSTN
Message (IFAM)
PSTN indicates to Switch
Address Complete(ACM)
< Called Subscriber Informed Via Ring
Alerting Ring Alert
MS hears ring
tone from land Passed to Mobile
phone Called Subscriber Answered
9 Answer (ANS)Connect
Switch Informs
Ring tone Call Answered
stops

10 Connect Acknowldge Acknowledge Call

Hi RK
Answered received

Speech Started
BILLING STARTS
 Mobile Terminated Sequence

AP Vodafone AP Airtel
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC GMSC

Initial and Final MSISDN

1 Address Message +91 9885 xxxxxx
MSISDN
IMSI +91 9885 xxxxxx
2 Send Routing Info
404 13 xxxxxxxxxx

3 Routing Info Ack

Initial and Final MSRN MSRN

Address Message 091 9885 xxxxxx (roaming number)

MSRN
091 9885 xxxxxx (roaming number)
4 Send Info For I/C
Call Setup
MSRN

5 Page
< PCH>
Paging Request
TMSI) TMSI) LAI & TMSI)

LAI 404 13 location Area Code

 Mobile Terminated Sequence

AP Vodafone AP Airtel
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC GMSC
6 Assignment Call Setup Request
Command

Assignment Call Setup Confirmed

Complete Ring Tone at
Ringtone Alert Acknowledge the Other
Alert Mobile
Address Complete

7 Connect Mobile Subscriber Answered

Ringing stops
Subscriber at Other
picks up Mobile

Connect ACK ANS Billing

starts

Speech Started Hello...

 Mobile-to-Mobile Long Distance
2. Towers are serviced by
1. Cell phone transmits to a local base station
local towers

Radio tower
3. Basestations are
services by Mobil
Switching Station
Radio tower Base Station

Mobile Switching Station

5. Destination switch office
4. Regional Switch Office
receives call, and forwards
forwards calls
to Mobil Switching Station

Trunk

Regional Switch Office Regional Switch Office

Radio tower

Mobile Switching Station

Base Station
5. Mobile Switching
Station forwards to Base 6. Base Station forwards
Station to local towers.
Radio tower

7. Local towers complete

the loop
 Mobile is in Roaming

2.Receiving Mobile on Roaming

3. Both Mobiles are on Roaming

International Roamer terminated call
 Handover

MSC B MSC A

Location Area-089 Location Area-100

20 0 53
089 0 50
49 49 10 49 10
404 404 40 4

51
BSC1 9 08
9 21 BSC2 49 100 BSC3 100
54
4 4 404 49
40 404

9 22 100
52 0 55
49 08 49 4 49 10
404 404 40

Global Cell Identification

Country Network Location Cell INDIA-AP-Airtel
Code Code Area Identity MCC-MNC
404 49 Code 404 -49(INA49)
Questions ?