INTRODUCTION TO STEMS

(ROOTS), PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

Todos los trminos mdicos pueden ser
divididos en partes. Las tres partes son:
El prefijo (prefix),
La raz (stem or root),
Y el sufijo (suffix)

Normalmente slo dos de estas partes

estn presentes en un trmino mdico.
 INTRODUCTION TO STEMS (ROOTS), PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

STEMS (ROOTS)

La raz (stem or root) es la parte de la palabra

que da el significado bsico al trmino.

Ejemplo:

La parte de la palabra "basketball," que da el

significado bsico a la palabra es "ball.

Por lo tanto, "ball" es considerada la raz.

 INTRODUCTION TO STEMS (ROOTS), PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

STEMS (ROOTS)
En trminos mdicos:

PALABRA RAZ SIGNIFICADO

Hepatomone HEPAT Liver

Gastrotome GASTR Stomach

Arthrotome ARTHR Joint (articulacin)

 INTRODUCTION TO STEMS (ROOTS), PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

PREFIX
El prefijo es la parte de la palabra que viene
antes de la raz y modifica o aumenta el
significado de la raz.

Prefijo Significado Origen Ejemplo

abdomin(o)- Of or relating to Latin
the abdomen, (abdmen)
abdomen,
fat around the
belly abdomen
anti- Describe algo Griego antibody
como contra (anti, antipsychotic
contra)
INTRODUCTION TO STEMS (ROOTS), PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

PREFIX
En la palabras:
implant
supplant
transplant
Los prefijos son ______, ______, and ______.

Puedes cambiar el significado de un trmino

poniendo un prefijo antes de la raz.

Los prefijos pueden ser divididos en varias

categoras de significado.
 PREFIXES (PREFIJOS) - PERTAINING TO
LOCATION (SE REFIEREN A LUGAR)

El prefijo intra- significa dentro o

adentro. La raya despus de
intra- indica que la raz viene
despus del prefijo.

Combinando el prefijo intra- con la raz abdominal,

sabes que intra-abdominal significa dentro del
abdomen. Endo- es tambin un prefijo que significa
lo mismo.
 PREFIXES (PREFIJOS) - PERTAINING TO
LOCATION (SE REFIEREN A LUGAR)

Metro is the stem meaning

uterus. Endometritis, then, is a word
which means inflammation inside the
uterus.

Peri- es un prefijo que

significa alrededor o rodeado/a.
Cardio es la raz que se
refiere al corazn.
Pericarditis, es una palabra
que significa inflamacin
alrededor del corazn.
 PREFIXES (PREFIJOS) - PERTAINING TO
LOCATION (SE REFIEREN A LUGAR)
Ec- y ecto- son prefijos que significan
fuera, afuera.
Un embarazo ectpico, por ejemplo, es
un embarazo que ocurre fuera de la
cavidad uterina.
 PREFIXES (PREFIJOS) - PERTAINING TO
LOCATION (SE REFIEREN A LUGAR)
The prefixes sub- and hypo- mean under
(debajo).
Subcutaneous, for example, means under
the skin, and a hypodermic needle is one
that is inserted under the skin.

Inter- is a prefix meaning between (entre).

The stem, costal, means ribs (costillas).
Intercostal muscles are muscles which are
between the ribs.
 STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

The musculoskeletal system includes the bones, muscles, and joints.

 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Osteo es una raz que significa
hueso . Una persona tiene
osteo-arthritis, por ejemplo, tiene
una inflamacin del hueso y
articulacin (bone and joint
inflammation).

La raz, arthro, significa

articulacin.
Arthrodesis significa fijacin de
una articulacin por fusin.
 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
La raz chondro significa cartlago.
Una persona con chondr-itis, por
ejemplo, tiene una inflamacin del
cartlago.

La raz myelo significa mdula o

espina.
Una persona que tiene myelitis
tiene una inflamacin de la espina o
de la mdula sea.
 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Myo es una raz que significa
msculo.
Un myospasm, por ejemplo,es una
contraccin involuntaria de un
msculo.
Tendo es una raz que significa
tendn.
Una perona con tend-initis tiene
inflamacin del tendn.

Costo es una raz que significa

costilla.
El espacio intercostal, por ejemplo,
se refiere la espacio entre las
costillas.
 STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The respiratory system includes the lungs, pleura, bronchi, pharynx,

larynx, tonsils, and the nose.
 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Rhino and naso are stems which
mean nose.
A person who has rhinitis has
inflammation of the nose

Laryngo is a stem meaning larynx or

voice box.
A laryngoscopy is an
examination of the interior of the
larynx.

Tracheo is a stem which means

upper windpipe or trachea.
A person with tracheitis has an
inflammation of the trachea or upper windpipe.
 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Broncho is a stem which means
lower windpipe or bronchus.
A person with bronchitis has
inflammation of the lower windpipe or
bronchus.

Pulmo and pneumo are stems which

mean lung.
Pulmonary, for example,
means concerning or involving the lungs.

A person with pneumonia has an

inflammation of the lungs.
 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Pneumo is a stem which also means
air.
Pneumonemia is the presence of
air or gas in the blood vessel.

Pneo is a stem which means breath

or breathing.
Pneodynamics is the mechanism of
breathing.
 STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The digestive system or gastrointestinal tract begins with the mouth, where food
enters the body and ends with the anus.
 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The stem stoma means mouth.
A person who has stomatitis, for example,
has an inflammation of the mouth.
Lingua and glossa are stems which mean
tongue.
Glossitis means inflammation of the
tongue.

Lingual means pertaining to the tongue.

Dento and odonto are stems which mean

tooth.
A person with dentalgia has a pain in the
tooth.
 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Cheilo is a stem which means lip.

A cheiloplasty is the surgical repair of a
defect of the lip.

Gingivo is a stem which means gums.

A person with gingivitis has an
inflammation of the gums.

Gastro is a stem which means stomach.

A gastrectomy is the surgical removal of
the stomach.
 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Entero is a stem which means
intestine.
A person with gastroenteritis has
inflammation of the stomach and
intestine.

Duodeno is a stem which pertains to

the duodenum or first part of the
small intestine.
A duodenal ulcer, for example, is an
ulcer which is located in the duodenum
or first part of the small intestine.
 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Jejuno is a stem which pertains to the
jejunum or second part of the small
intestine.
A jejunectomy, for example, is an excision
of a part of or all of the jejunum or second
part of the small intestine.

Ileo is a stem which pertains to the

ileum or third part of the small
intestine.

Ileitis means inflammation of the ileum

or third part of the small intestine.
 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Colo is a stem which means colon.

When a colostomy is performed, an
incision is made into the colon.

Procto and ano are stems which

mean rectum or anus.
Proctitis means inflammation of the
rectum or anus.
 SUFFIXES - GENERAL INFORMATION
AND DISEASES (INFORMACION GENERAL
Y ENFERMEDADES)
Un sufijo es una letra o slaba al final de la palabra
que agrega significado a la palabra. Como los prefijos,
los sufijos pueden clasificarse en distintas categoras de
acuerdo a su significado.

La mayora de los sufijos son comunes en el ingls

pero unos pocos son relativos a medicina. Los
sufijos ms comunes para referirse a
enfermedades o dolencias son:
-itis, meaning inflammation; -
oma, meaning tumor; and
-osis, meaning condition, usually morbid
 SUFFIXES - PERTAINING TO
DIAGNOSIS (DIAGNOSTICO)
The suffix -cele means hernia,
protrusion, or tumor.
A gastrocele, is a protrusion or hernia of
the stomach.
-Emia is the suffix for blood (sangre).
Una palabra con la cual estamos
familiarizados es leukemia (leucemia),
que consiste en una cantidad anormal de
glbulos blancos. Hypoglycemia es una
baja cantidad de azcar en la sangre.
 SUFFIXES - PERTAINING TO
DIAGNOSIS (DIAGNOSTICO)
-Ectasis y -ectasia son sufijos que
significan , dilatacin, or expansin.
Angiectasis, then, is abnormal
dilatacin of a blood vessel.

The suffix for condition, formation

of, or presence of is -iasis.
Nephrolithiasis, es una condicin de
piedras en los riones.
 SUFFIXES - PERTAINING TO
DIAGNOSIS (DIAGNOSTICO)
The suffix for inflammation is -itis.
Encephalitis, then, is the inflammation of
the brain.

The suffix for hardening

(endurecimiento) is -sclerosis.
The stem for artery, as you will
recall, is arterio. Arteriosclerosis,
then, is__________ of the arteries
SUFFIXES - PERTAINING TO
DIAGNOSIS (DIAGNOSTICO)