Simulasi Sistem

Industri
1603A072

Teknik Industri
Universitas Surabaya
 Satuan Acara Perkuliahan
(UTS)
Mingg Materi
u
1 Simulasi sistem diskrit dan aplikasinya
2 Teknik pembangkitan bilangan random
34 Simulasi sistem antrian
5 Simulasi sistem antrian dengan Ms. Excel
67 Simulasi sistem persediaan
UTS
 Satuan Acara Perkuliahan
(UAS)
Mingg Materi
u
8 Pengenalan ProModel
9 Praktikum ProModel: Cutting, Grouping
10 Praktikum ProModel: Variables, Split
routing
11 Praktikum ProModel: Conveyors
12 Praktikum ProModel: Resources
13 Pengujian distribusi; Validasi model
14 Presentasi project
UAS
 Referensi
1. Law, Averill M. (2007), Simulation
Modeling and Analysis, 4th Ed.,
Boston: McGraw-Hill.
2. Harrel, Charles R., Ghosh, Biman K.,
Bowden, Royce O. (2012),
Simulation Using ProModel, 3rd Ed.,
New York: McGraw-Hill.
 Evaluasi

NTS = 25% Tugas Individu + 75% UTS

NAS = 25% Tugas Kelompok + 75% UAS
NA = 40% NTS + 60% NAS

Tugas Individu UTS:

1. Tugas simulasi sistem antrian
2. Tugas simulasi sistem persediaan

Tugas Project UAS:

. Pemodelan dan analisis sistem dengan ProModel
Introduction to
Simulation
System
A set of elements that interact one with
another according to certain rules, in a
process to accomplish some goals. A
system can perform a function that cannot
be performed by its elements separately.

Satu set elemen yang berinteraksi satu

dengan yang lain menurut aturan tertentu,
dalam proses untuk mencapai beberapa
tujuan. Sebuah sistem dapat melakukan
fungsi yang tidak bisa dilakukan oleh
unsur-unsurnya secara terpisah.
Model
A representation of a system built with the purpose to
communicate the system description and/or to analyse it.
A model isolates a portion of reality for more detailed
study

Sebuah representasi dari sistem yang dibangun dengan

tujuan untuk mengkomunikasikan deskripsi sistem dan /
atau untuk menganalisanya.
Sebuah model isolat bagian dari realitas untuk studi yang
lebih rinci

Model
The Real
World
A model may clean up reality in
order to
discover general principles about how
the
Universe works.
Simulation
Some definitions:
The modelling process of a system and experimentation of the model to explain the
system behaviour, improve its performance, and/or design a new one with desired
performance.
Oxford American Dictionary (1980)
a way to reproduce the conditions of a situation, as by means of a model, for study or
testing or training, etc.
The imitation of a dynamic system using a computer model in order to evaluate and
improve system performance.
Beberapa definisi:
Proses pemodelan sistem dan eksperimen model untuk
menjelaskan perilaku sistem, meningkatkan kinerja,
dan / atau desain yang baru dengan kinerja yang
diinginkan.
Oxford American Dictionary (1980)
"Cara untuk mereproduksi kondisi situasi, seperti
dengan cara model, untuk belajar atau pengujian atau
pelatihan, dll"
"The imitasi dari sistem dinamis menggunakan model
komputer untuk mengevaluasi dan meningkatkan
kinerja sistem."
Simulation (contd)

Simulation is the imitation of the

operation of a real world system over
time.
Simulation involves the generation of an
artificial history of the system and the
drawing of inferences from it.

Simulasi adalah imitasi dari operasi

sistem dunia nyata dari waktu ke waktu.
Simulasi melibatkan generasi sejarah
Ideas behind Simulation
Imitate the real-world situation mathematically.
Study its properties and operating characteristics.
Draw conclusions and make action decisions
based on the results of simulation
Situs belakang Simulasi
Meniru situasi dunia nyata secara matematis.
Mempelajari sifat dan karakteristik operasi.
Menarik kesimpulan dan membuat keputusan
tindakan berdasarkan hasil simulasi
Why simulate?

Cost efficient
Faster
Reproducible
Safe, does not have to disturb or
even harm the real system
Typical applications of
simulation
Work-flow planning Throughput analysis
Capacity planning Productivity
Cycle time reduction improvement
Staff and resource Layout analysis
planning Line balancing
Work prioritization Batch size
Bottleneck analysis
optimization
Quality improvement Production
Cost reduction
scheduling
Inventory reduction
Resource scheduling
Maintenance
scheduling
How to study a system
System

Experiment with Experiment with

the system the model

Mathematical
Physical model
model

Analytical
Simulation
solution
Classification of simulation
Static vs. dynamic
Is time a significant variable?
Deterministic vs. stochastic/probabilistic
Does the model contain stochastic
components?
Randomness is easy to add to a Discrete-Event
Simulation (DES)
Discrete vs. continuous
Does the system state evolve continuously or
only at discrete points in time?
Continuous: classical mechanics
Discrete: queuing, inventory, machine shop
models
When is Simulation
Appropriate? 5. To determine
1. A system is too
complex for operational
analytical solutions. capacities.
2. We wish to study 6. To experiment with
information, policies that cannot
organizational, or be otherwise
environmental tested.
changes. 7. To provide low-risk
3. To identify key on the job training.
factors affecting 8. To visualize system
performance. performance (using
4. To illustrate animations).
analytical models.
 When is Simulation
Inappropriate?
1. When the problem is very simple.
2. When an analytical solution can be
found.
3. When direct experimentation is
feasible and inexpensive.
4. If costs exceed expected returns.
5. If data is not available.
6. If insufficient development time is
available.
7. When the problem is very, very
Is Simulation Affordable?

Microcomputers are now powerful

enough to run most simulation models
The software can be expensive ($500-
$40,000+)
Very large and complex models may
require engineering workstations (>
$8000) (e.g. communications networks,
large 3D factory designs with
animation)
 Advantages Of Simulation
Relatively straightforward and flexible. Relatif mudah dan fleksibel.
Used to analyze large and complex real-world situations.
Digunakan untuk menganalisis situasi dunia nyata yang besar dan
kompleks.
Allows what-if? types of questions. Memungkinkan "apa-jika?"
Jenis pertanyaan.
Does not interfere with the real-world system. Tidak mengganggu
sistem dunia nyata.
Allows study of interactive effects of individual components or
variables to determine which are important. Memungkinkan studi
tentang efek interaktif dari komponen individu atau variabel untuk
menentukan yang penting.
Time compression. Waktu kompresi.
Allows for inclusion of real-world complications. Memungkinkan
untuk dimasukkan komplikasi dunia nyata.
 Disadvantages Of Simulation
Good models can be very expensive. model yang baik
bisa sangat mahal.
Often it is a long, complicated process to develop
model. Seringkali itu adalah, proses rumit yang panjang
untuk mengembangkan model yang.
Does not generate optimal solutions to problems. Tidak
menghasilkan solusi optimal untuk masalah.
Managers must generate all of conditions and
constraints for solutions to be examined. Manajer harus
menghasilkan semua kondisi dan kendala untuk solusi
untuk diperiksa.
Each simulation model is unique and not easily
transferable.
 Stages in simulation
study 1

Problem formulation Experimental design

& study plan
Build computer
program & verify Simulate

Data collection & Yes

model building Pilot run Analyse output

No

Program Documentation &

Model valid? No
valid? implementation

Yes

1
 Basic terminologies (1)
System:
A collection of entities (e.g., people and machines) that interact
together over time to accomplish one or more goals.
Model:
An abstract representation of a system, usually containing structural
logical, or mathematical relationships which describe a system in
terms of state, entities and their attributes, sets, processes, events,
activities, and delays.
System state:
A collection of variables that contain all the information necessary to
describe the system at any time.
LQ(t), the number of customer waiting to be served at time t
LC(t), 0 or 1 indicate counter being idle or busy at time t
 Basic terminologies (1)
Sistem:
Sebuah koleksi entitas (misalnya, orang-orang dan mesin)
yang berinteraksi bersama-sama dari waktu ke waktu untuk
mencapai satu atau lebih tujuan.
Model:
Representasi abstrak dari sebuah sistem, biasanya
mengandung hubungan logis, atau matematika struktural
yang menggambarkan sistem dalam hal negara, entitas dan
atribut mereka, set, proses, peristiwa, kegiatan, dan
penundaan.
sistem negara:
Koleksi variabel yang berisi semua informasi yang diperlukan
untuk menggambarkan sistem setiap saat.
LQ (t), jumlah menunggu pelanggan untuk dilayani pada
waktu t
LC (t), 0 atau 1 mengindikasikan kontra menganggur atau
sibuk pada waktu t
Basic terminologies (2)
Entity:
component(s) in simulation process that
arrives from outside the system, processed,
then leaves the system upon completion, e.g.
a server, a customer, a machine
Resource:
component(s) in simulation process that stays
in the system until simulation ends
Attribute:
additional information from entity that can be
used to classify group(s) of entity; this
information can also be used for controlling
entity behaviour (e.g. queue discipline, the
priority of a waiting customer, the routing of a
job through a job shop)
 terminologi dasar (2)
Kesatuan:
komponen (s) dalam proses simulasi yang tiba dari
luar sistem, diolah, kemudian meninggalkan sistem
setelah selesai, mis server, pelanggan, mesin
Sumber:
komponen (s) dalam proses simulasi yang tetap
dalam sistem sampai simulasi berakhir
Atribut:
informasi tambahan dari entitas yang dapat
digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan kelompok (s)
dari entitas; Informasi ini juga dapat digunakan untuk
mengendalikan perilaku entitas (disiplin antrian
misalnya, prioritas pelanggan menunggu, routing
pekerjaan melalui job shop)
Basic terminologies (3)
System state:
a set of variables that describes the system
condition in a specific time
Event:
- an occurrence that has certain conditions in a
discrete system
- an instantaneous occurrence that changes
the state of a system (e.g. an arrival of a new
customer, service completion).
Simulation clock:
variable in a simulation model that indicates
elapsing simulation period
 terminologi dasar (3)
sistem negara:
satu set variabel yang menggambarkan
kondisi sistem dalam waktu tertentu
Peristiwa:
- Suatu kejadian yang memiliki kondisi tertentu
dalam sistem diskrit
- Suatu kejadian sesaat yang mengubah
keadaan suatu sistem (misalnya kedatangan
dari pelanggan baru, layanan selesai).
Jam simulasi:
variabel dalam model simulasi yang
menunjukkan periode simulasi elapsing
Basic terminologies (4)
Time-advance mechanisms:
methods to advance the simulation clock:
- next-event time advance
- fixed-increment time advance
Transient state:
a condition where the system state still
fluctuates radically and its changes are
dependent upon time
Steady state:
a condition where the changes in system state
are within some fixed range and independent
upon time
 Terminologi Dasar (4)
MEKANISME Waktu-Muka:
Metode untuk review memajukan jam Simulasi:
- Next-event Waktu Muka
- Tetap Selisih Waktu Muka
gatra transien:
Suatu Kondisi Dimana Sistem gatra Masih
berfluktuasi Beroperasi RADIKAL Dan perubahan
Yang tergantung PADA Waktu
stabil:
Suatu Kondisi Dimana perubahan Sistem gatra
berada hearts beberapa Rentang differences
Dan Tbk PADA Waktu