CHAPTER 3

MATTER
 3.1 What Is Matter?
Everything (living or non-living
things) which has mass and
occupies space.
 Non-matter
Non-matter do not have mass and
do not occupy space.
3.2 The States Of Matter
Matter is made up of many fine
and tiny discrete particles.
We may determine the state of
matter by their arrangement of
particles.
 Experiments: To show that matter is
made up of tiny and discrete particles

1 Blue in A copper sulphate crystal

colour is
dropped to the clear
water.

The clear water soon

becomes
blue in colour.

The particles of blue

crystal
separate and mix in
between
2 After three
days

Befor After
e
Few days later the balloon becomes
smaller. Because air is made up of many
fine particles thus allowed it to
Why? diffuse through the tiny pores of
the balloons wall.
 STATES OF MATTER:
Please concentrate to
these videos.
1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akUuFsH4B1c&feature=related
eo 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnBoQe2rsgo
Arrangement of particles
in matter
Matter exists in THREE STATES follow by its
different of arrangement.
Three states of
matter:

SOLID

LIQUID

GAS
SOLID The particles are closed together.
In a regular pattern.
Attractive forces are strong.
Very small space between
particles.

LIQUID The particles are closed together.

Not in a regular pattern.
Attractive forces are weak.
Spaces between particles are
bigger.
GAS
The particles are far apart.
Not in a regular pattern.
Attractive forces are very weak.
Large spaces between particles.
Movement of particles in
matter
SOLID Particles do not move freely.
Attraction forces are strong.
They vibrate and spin at fixed
positions.

LIQUID Particles move freely.

Attraction forces are weaker.
The particles collide with each
other.
GAS Particles move freely and
randomly.
Attraction forces are very weak.
The particles move in a very high
speed.
 Experiment 1: Arrangement of
particles in solid

There are spaces between the solid particles

(gel).
These allow the potassium permanganate to
 Experiment 2: Arrangement of
particle in liquid

The total volume of water and alcohol is less

than 100ml.

This is because the particles of water and

Experiment 3: Arrangement of particles in
gas

The gas particles can move very fast and

freely in the jar because there are lots of
spaces between them.

The smoke particles fill in the empty spaces

 THE PROPERTIES OF SOLID,
LIQUID AND GAS (CONCLUSION)

No fixed
shape

Arrangeme Far apart

Very close Close
nt

Movement Vibrate and Move Very

spin freely freely
BROWNIAN MOTION
Brownian motion is the movement of
particles without direction and this
can be seen by viewing a smoke cell
under microscope.

See video 3
(click here)
3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDcprgWiQEY&feature=related

Click the video

 3.3 The Concept Of
Density
Density is defined as mass per unit
volume. Mass (g)
3
Density (g/cm ) =
3 Volume (cm )

The density of a substance increases

if
mass increases
volume decreases
deo 4: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqLCwuKMBMA
How to compare the densities of
objects?
An substance which is less dense will
float in a denser liquid.
An denser substance will sink in a
liquid which is less dense.
 3.4 The Use Of Properties Of
Matter In Everyday Life
Gases can be compressed and
transported in the form of liquid.
The petroleum gases are liquefied
under high pressure and stored in
gas cylinders.
 Ships And Boats
The air space in ships and boats
enables it to float on the water
surface regardless of their weights.
Therefore, the density of a ship or a
boat is less than the water.
 Hot air balloon
Helium gas is less dense
compared to the air
outside the balloon.
To raise the hot air balloon,
the air is heated so that
the air inside is less dense.
To lower the balloon, the
air temperature is reduced
so that the air inside is
denser.
 Logs And Timbers
Logs (timbers) are less dense than
water.
They are transported to factories by
rivers.