BIOKIMIA 1

Hormon

Introduction

• The endocrine system and nervous

systems act together to regulate
many activities within the body.

• Both systems utilize chemical

messengers, to communicate signals.

• Endocrine system produces homones

as chemical signals to bring about
affects in other body parts.

• Endocrine glands such as testes

produce hormones like testosterone.
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Hormone Functions

Growth and development: Thyroid, GH,

Sex Steroids, Cortisol
Reproduction: Estrogen, Testosterone,
FSH, LH, Thyroid
Homeostasis: Thyroid, Cortisol
Changes in environment: Cortisol, Thyroid
Aldosterone
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Hormones are released by the glands

• And travel through the

blood until they reach
their particular receptor
cell
• Where they fit, like a key
in a lock, to turn on or off
functions
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Mechanism of Action of Hormones

 Circulate in blood stream bound to

transporter proteins or free

 Free hormone is the active hormone

 Enter cells to alter biological activity

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Classes of Receptors

Ligand: molecule which binds to a

protein and affects its function.
Hormone is one type of ligand.
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Hormone Regulation

• Feedback loops

• Receptor specificity

• Receptor concentration
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Feedback Regulation of the Anterior Pituitary:

Hypothalamus
- -
Short Loop
Feedback

? + - Long Loop
Feedback
Pituitary -
positive feedback:
secretion of
negative feedback :
hormone leads
secretion of hormone
directly or
leads directly or indirectly
to inhibiting its secretion
+ indirectly to its
increase
Target Organ secretion
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Receptor specificity

 - Subunit

 - Subunits

LH hCG
TSH
FSH
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Congenital Hypothyroidism

Cretinism
Stunted growth
Neurological/
cognitive
defects/mental
retardation
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• Hormones
You can’t live with them but…
You can’t live without them!