ENGINEERING
Think of an example of
something that you could do in an Engineering job
that could become a GAME CHANGER
Evolutionary Vs.
Revolutionary Technologies
MATERIALS AND
CIVILIZATION
Human attribute make things
(tools, components,
Engineering systems)
COMPOSITES
aircraft and space applications
Cars (higher mileage)
Strong, low density, chemically stable
materials (sports better performance)
Future Developments?
Iron-carbon binary
alloys
Primary structural
materials in any
technology
Main alloy Cr
(min 12 wt %) other
alloys Ni, Mo.
Why is Al
resistant to
corrosion ?
CERAMICS
Compounds between metallic and
non-metallic (oxides, carbides,
nitrides)
Ceramic parts in
newly developed
combustion engines
higher temperatures
= higher efficiencies
CERAMICS:
HT Superconductors
A small magnet floats above a
If magnet lowered toward HT superconductor.
superconductor, it induces
electric current, which creates
an opposing magnetic field
Superconductor has no
electrical resistance. Induced
current continues to flow, Magnetic fields is excluded from its interior;
keeping the magnet this is called the Meissner effect.
suspended indefinitely.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWTSzBWEsms
GLASSES: Silica
(SiO2)
Amorphous Solid =
GLASS
Silica Glass
components: SiO2, alkali
flux (carbonates),
limestone, lead and borax
Crystalline Silica =
QUARTZ (not a glass)
Structurally, glasses are similar to
liquids, but that doesn't mean they
are liquid.
Carbon
sp3
Graphite
Diamond
Fullerenes
Nanotubes
Carbon
sp2
Graphite
Diamond
Fullerenes
Nanotubes
Carbon
sp2
Graphite
Diamond
Fullerenes
Nanotubes
Carbon
sp2
Graphite
Diamond
Fullerenes
Nanotubes
POLYMERIC MATERIALS
Thermoplastics (polyethylene,
polypropylene)
Elastomers (rubbers)
COMPOSITES
Multiphase materials
artificially made
constituents phases
are chemically
different and are
clearly separated
examples:
- fiberglass - reinforced polymers
- carbon fiber - reinforced polymers
COMPOSITES:
CERMET ceramic-metal composite
Ni particles distributed
in a MgO matrix
Cermet Break
Pads
COMPOSITES:
CERMET
ceramic particles in metal matrix
Nanoparticle Nanocomposite
SEMICONDUCTORS
Electrical conductivity
between that of
conductors (metals) and
insulators (ceramics)
Typical semiconductors:
Silicon and Germanium
TRANSISTORS:
Planar Bipolar Transistors
Field-Effect Transistors
(MOSFET)
Production of Si ingot Si single crystals
www.atssports.com
STRENGTH / DENSITY
= =
or [Kg / m3]
1800 1900 2000
[Pascals]
Year
Problem
M Kg ?