MAGMA
CAIRAN BATUAN DI DALAM BUMI
BILA DI PERMUKAAN BUMI - LAVA
SUHU TINGGI > 700O C
KOMPOSISI SILIKAT (SiO)
MENGANDUNG UNSUR VOLATIL
MOBILE
MAGMA
Magma merupakan percampuran liquid
rock, kristal, dan gas
Anatexis
Animation of Tectonic Settings and Volcanic Activity
SEA FLOOR SPREADING
Occurs due to
Diverging Plate
boundaries and
new sea floor is
formed by
cooling magma.
Ages of Islands and Seamounts Along the Hawaiian
and Emperor Chains
TEMPERATUR MAGMA
Basaltik - 1000-1200oC
Andesitik - 800-1000oC
Riolitik - 650-800oC.
Dua Jenis Batuan Beku
55-65 SiO2 %,
Ca, Na Plag, KF,
Andesitic Andesite Diorite intermediate in Fe, Hornblende, Biotite, Qz
Mg, Ca, Na, K
BATUAN BEKU
BATUAN PIROKLASTIK
MINERAL LOGAM
PANAS BUMI
SUMBERDAYA MINERAL
BANGUNAN
Stone, Sand, Gravel, Limestone
MINERAL BUKAN METAL
Sulfur, Gypsum, Coal, Gem Minerals,
Asbestos, Mica
MINERAL METAL
Ferrous: Iron and Steel, Cobalt,
Nickel
SUMBERDAYA MINERAL
Mineral Metalik
Non-ferrous: Copper, Zinc, Tin,
Lead, Aluminum, Titanium,
Manganese, Magnesium,
Mercury, Silver, Gold, Platinum
Energy Resources
Fossil Fuels: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas
Uranium
Geothermal Energy
Magmatic ORE DEPOSITS
Magmatic
Pt, Cr, Fe, Ni, Ti, Diamond
Pegmatite
Li, Be, U, Rare Earths, Feldspar, Mica,
Gems
Hydrothermal
W, Sn, Au, U, Ag, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, As
THE ROCK CYCLE
All rocks exposed
at earths surface
undergo
Typical Ophiolite
Incompatible elements