Access to sport

1. Gender:
Stereotyping : Having a fixed image of group of people.
Girls were encourage to play with dolls to learn to cook contrast boys
were encouraged to play ball games.
Results boys had greater opportunities to develop their skills.
Many girls have turned off PE at school.
Gender stereotype continues into adult life, some sports unsuitable
for women.
Married women responsibility for the home and children
Sports for mother is a low priority in family life.
Male dominates on tv and in newspaper.
 The sports council has targeted women in a number of campaigns. It
published a policy and framework for action. Its aims:
To improve girls skills and positive attitude
Increase the opportunities for women to take part in sport
To increase the opportunities for women to improve their level of
performances
Involve in the organization of sport
To have equal opportunities
To improve communication about women in sport.
The womens sport foundation supports women sport
The womens sport foundation supports women sport
What is the WSF?
The Women sports foundation is
National charity
Run by an executive committee
What does the WSF do?
Increase the awareness about the problems for women and girls in
sport.
Supports the involvement of women and girls in sports at all levels.
Encourage better access to sport for women and girls.
Challenges inequality in sport and tries to change things
Raise the profile of all
Advises many sports organizations about womens issues in sport.

Black and ethnic minorities and sport

2. Social equality
In our multicultural society people of races and ethnic background
take part in sports at all levels. As a result we often assume that they
face no problems in sport, there is discrimination and disadvantages
in sport in sport as there is in everyday life.
What needs to be changed?
RACISM means treating people of different races equally. E.g.
Blacks were not allowed to take part in top level sport.
Personal racism is seen when black and ethnic people are
made to feel unwelcome by individual at a sports club.
Institutional racism is racism perpetrate by an organization,
rather than particular individual.
Racism is a major problem in spite of the efforts of many
committed people who work to eliminate racial inequality.
Socioeconomic factors include employment, pay band social
class. People from the black and ethnic minorities are over
represented amongst the unemployed and the poorly paid. One
result they have less money to spend on sport and other leisure
activities.
Sport council aim : To work towards the elimination of racial disadvantages and
discrimination in order to achieve better quality sport for black and ethnic minority
people.
There are six main objectives :
1. to raise awareness of racial inequality in sport
2. to increase the number of black an ethnic minority decision makers in sport.
3. to increase the number of black an ethnic minority sportspeople involved in
sports organization.
4. to improve skill and develop positive attitude to an active life for young black and
ethnic minority people.
5. to increase opportunities for black and ethnic minority people to take part in sport.
6. to increase opportunities to improve the level of performance of black and ethnic
minority people.
DISABILITY AND SPORT
While sport has value in everyone's life, it is even more important in
the life of a person with a disability. This is because of the
rehabilitative influence sport can have not only on the physical
body but also on rehabilitating people with a disability into society.
Furthermore, sport teaches independence. Nowadays, people with
a disability participate in high performance as well as in
competitive and recreational sport.
The number of people with disabilities involved in sport and physical
recreation is steadily increasing around the world with organized
sports for athletes with disabilities divided into three main
disability groups, sports for the deaf, sports for persons with
physical disabilities, and sports for persons with intellectual
disabilities.
Studies show that adaptive sports provide
numerous benefits including:
Less stress
More independence
Higher achievement in education and employment
Reduced dependency on pain and depression medication
Fewer secondary medical conditions (i.e., diabetes,
hypertension)
What needs to be changed?
Transport facilities
Plans for facilities, funding and needs of the competitors
Training
Sports centres and clubs
Catering or their sporting needs.
Little sporting opportunity.
Afford
P.E. lessons in school
What is being done?
Aim of sports council: To ensure equality of opportunity for people with
disabilities to take part in sport and recreation at the level of their
choices.
Seven main objectives:
To raise the level of people with disabilities in sport.
To make sure plans for sport include th needs of people with
disabilities.
To provide opportunities for people with disabilities to take part in sport
To improve access to sport for people with disabilities.
To encourage involvement for people with disabilities in international
sport
To use all resources and to seek extra finance
To make sure sport meets the needs of people with disabilities
Disabled Sports They are played by persons with a disability, whether physical or
intellectual disabilities. Many of the existing sports are modified to meet the needs of
persons with a disability, they are sometimes referred to as adapted sports. On the
other hand there are several sports that have been specifically created for persons
with a disability. These sports are divided into three broad disability groups: the deaf,
persons with physical disabilities, and persons with intellectual disabilities. Each
group has a distinct history, organization, competition program, and approach to
sport. Formal international competition in deaf sport began with the 1924 Paris Silent
Games. Organised sport for persons with physical disabilities developed out of
rehabilitation programs. Following the Second World War, in response to the needs of
large numbers injured ex-service members and civilians, sport was introduced as a
key part of rehabilitation. Sport for persons with intellectual disabilities began to be
organized in the 1960s through the Special Olympics movement.
Disability sport events provide an opportunity to bring their hidden sporting talents to
the surface level. Sports have rehabilitative effect on an individual with disability
along with functioning as a means of recreation.

Psychological Benefits People with disabilities who participate in sports or regular

exercise are able to handle pressure and stress. They have less depression, confusion,
tension and anger. It gives them chance to develop a sense of mastery and set and
achieve certain goals. Swimmers are reported to have a strong self-identity, strong
competitive nature, and goal-oriented focus.It make them feel like they can achieve new
heights for themselves.Disability sports have given an impetus to the revival of
confidence and intelligence within the large group of disabled individuals
Social Benefits Individuals with disabilities get the opportunity to experience peer
interaction, acceptance, and recognition. Sports can be a vehicle to combat
discrimination by providing the able-bodied athlete the opportunity to see the athletic
ability of the disabled athlete.Taking part in a sporting event can make individuals
develop a sense of belonging that every game team brings with it.
Physical Benefits Sporting activities provide them much needed exercise.For persons
with a disability who require the use of adaptive devices (walkers, crutches,
wheelchair),If people with disabilities are in good physical shape they would be able to
use adaptive devices like walkers,wheelchairs and crutches easily and more
effectively.They would feel less fatigue and even lesser risk to injuries.Athletes have
healthier body fat to muscle ratio, decreased obesity, improved cardio-pulmonary
functioning, and increased muscular strength and endurance. They show improved
mobility, balance, and endurance