PROCESSES

INVOLVED IN
LISTENING
SHAHIFA NORIZZATI BINTI
SHAHRIL
NUR BALQIS BINTI ADENAN
 HEARING VS
LISTENING
 HEARING
Hearing is an accidental and automatic brain
response to sound that requires no effort.
For example, we are accustomed to the
sounds of airplanes, lawn mowers, and so on.
We learn to filter out sounds that mean little
to us, just as we choose to hear our ringing
cell phones and other sounds that are more
important to us.
 LISTENING
Listening is defined as the learned
skill, in which we can receive sounds
through ears, and transform them
into meaningful messages.
it is the process of diligently hearing
and interpreting the meaning of
words and sentences spoken by the
speaker, during the conversation.
 Listening is a bit difficult, because it
requires concentration and attention,
and the human mind is easily
distracted.
It had a greater influence in our lives
and used to gain information, learn
and understand things and so on.
 HEARING VS LISTENING
HEARING LISTENING
Meaning Hearing refers to Listening is something done
one's consciously, that involve the
ability to perceive analysis and understanding of
sounds, the sounds you hear.
by receiving
vibrations
through ears.
What is it? An ability A skill
Nature Primary and Secondary and temporary
continuous
Involves Receipt of message Interpretation of the message
through ears. received by ears.
Process Passive bodily Active mental process
process
Occurs at Subconscious level Conscious level
Use of senses Only one More than one
Reason We are neither We listen to acquire knowledge
aware nor and receive information
 TOP-DOWN PROCESSSING
Top-down strategies focus on the big
picture and general meaning of a
listening text and happens when
someone uses background
information to predict the meaning of
language they are going to listen.
It involves the reconstruction of
meaning through prior knowledge or
schemata.
IMPLICATION IN TEACHING AND LEARNING

Predicting the content of a listening

activity beforehand, maybe using
information about the topic or
situation, pictures, or key words.
Asking learners to predict what a
newspaper article might be about
from the headline or first sentence
will encourage them to use top-down
processing on the article.
 Relying on students knowing
something about the topic.
Read a ghost story, and then elicit
ideas about what the content might
be, what vocabulary might occur,
and so on. This switches on the
ghost-story schemata in their brains,
and also begins activating their
English skills.
 REFERENCES
Hedge. T., (2000). Teaching and
learning in the language classroom.
Oxford: Oxford university press.
http://keydifferences.com/difference
-between-hearing-and-listening.html
Processes Involved
In Listening

Bottom-up
Processing
Designed to help learners
recognizing the divisions
between words in fast
connected speech.
 How?
1
2
Form syllables and words

3 Form phrases, clauses and sentences.

4 Form texts or conversations.

 Implication in
Teaching & Learning
In Classroom
1
2
3
 Implication in
Teaching & Learning
In Classroom
4
5
6
Learners will become more aware of the sounds of
normal spoken English, and how this is different
from the written or carefully spoken form
Processes Involved
In Listening

Listening Is An Active
Process
 Doesnt passively receive
what the speaker says

Identifies main
points and
supporting details

Constructs
meanings
actively
Distinguishes
fact from
opinion
Cognitiv
e
Aspects
of
Listenin
g
 Finds whether speakers
choice of topic morally
objectionable or absolutely
boring
Likes or dislikes the
speakers tone of
voice or choice of
words

Agrees or
disagrees
with a May be disappointed/
speaker surprised/worried/sati
sfied with speakers
treatment of the topic

Emotional
Dimension
of Listening
References
Chitravelu, N., Sithamparam, S., & Shoon, T. S. (2001). ELT Methodology
Principles and Practice. Shah Alam: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.
Listening: Top Down and Bottom Up. (2017, January 20). Retrieved from
Teaching English:
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/listening-top-down-bottom
The Process of Listening. (2017, January 20). Retrieved from UEFAP:
http://www.uefap.com/listen/process/process.htm
Top Down and Bottom Up Processing. (2017, January 20). Retrieved from
ESL Base:
http://www.eslbase.com/tefl-a-z/top-down-bottom-up-processing