MIKROBA PENYEBAB

INFEKSI SISTEM INDERA

(MATA & TELINGA)

dr. Rahmiati
rahmilao76@gmail.com
Bagian Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Lambung Mangkurat
OUTLINE
Anatomi dan Flora Normal
Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Mata & Telinga
Virus Penyebab Infeksi Mata & Telinga
Jamur Penyebab Infeksi Mata & Telinga
ANATOMI MATA & FLORA
NORMAL
INFEKSI PADA MATA
INFEKSI PADA MATA
BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Pink eye
Most common causes in children:
Haemophilus influenzae, S. pneumoniae, S.
aureus, S. pneumoniae and H. aegyptius
Other bacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Francisella tularensis, Treponema pallidum,
and Yersinia enterocolitica
STAPHYLOCOCCUS

Coccus, Gram (+)

Blood Agar
(+) Coagulase
test
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
VIRULENCE FACTOR
Polysaccharide capsule: inhibits phagocytosis
Pneumolysin
Secretory IgA protease
PSEUDOMONAS
ADENOVIRUS
HERPES VIRUS
 CHLAMYDIACEAE
two genera, Chlamydia and Chlamydophila
small enough to pass through 0.45-m filters
obligate intracellular parasites
possess inner and outer membranes similar to those of
gram-negative bacteria
contain both DNA and RNA
possess prokaryotic ribosomes
synthesize their own proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
susceptible to antibiotics.
CHLAMYDIACEAE

metabolically inactive infectious forms (elementary

bodies [EBs])
metabolically active, noninfectious forms
(reticulate bodies [RBs])
EBs are resistant to many harsh environmental
factors
Characteristic Elementary body Reticulate body
Size 0.2-0.3 m 1 m

Morphology Electron-dense Fragile,

core, rigid pleomorphic
Infectivity to host Infectious Non-infectious

RNA: DNA ratio 1:1 (condensed 3:1 (increased

DNA core) ribosomes)
Metabolic activity Relatively inactive Active, replicating
stage
Trypsin digestion Resistant Sensitive
CHLAMYDIACEAE

The growth cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis

 Electron micrograph of a thin
section of chlamydial inclusion
showing small elementary body
(single arrow) and reticulate
body (double arrows)
CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS

three biovars, trachoma, LGV

(lymphogranuloma venereum), and mouse
pneumonitis
serovars-major outer membrane protein
A, B, Ba, C Primarily conjunctiva
D-K Primarily urogenital tract
L1, L2, L2a, L3 Inguinal lymph nodes
CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS

Most common sexually transmitted bacteria in

United States
Ocular trachoma worldwide (most common in
Middle East, North Africa, India
LGV highly prevalent in Africa, Asia, and South
America
Site of infection Disease Organism (serovars)
Eye Trachoma C. trachomatis (A, B,
Ba, C)

Inclusion conjunctivitis C. trachomatis (D-K)

Ophthalmia neonatorum C. trachomatis (D-K)

Contact lens-associated Parachlamydia spp.

Genital tract

Male Non-specific urethritis, proctitis, epididymitis C. trachomatis (D-K)

Female Cervicitis, urethritis, endometritis, salpingitis, PID, perihepatitis, peri-appendicitis, infertility C. trachomatis (D-K)
with tubal occlusion

Abortion, premature birth C. trachomatis (D-K)a

Sheep-related abortion Ch. abortus

Male and female Lymphogranuloma venereum C. trachomatis (L1-L3)

Respiratory tract Neonatal atypical pneumonia C. trachomatis (D-K)

Pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia Ch. pneumoniae

Simkania negevensisa

Pneumonia Ch. abortus

Psittacosis, ornithosis Ch. psittaci

Chronic diseases Atherosclerosis, coronary disease Ch. pneumoniaea

Stroke, multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, Alzheimer's disease Ch. pneumoniaeb

Trachoma: Chronic, inflammatory granulomatous process of eye surface,
leading to corneal ulceration, scarring, pannus formation, and blindness.
Active trachoma, characterized by the presence of lymphoid follicles on
the conjunctiva and intermittent shedding of chlamydiae, is primarily a
disease of children. By contrast, blindness occurs mainly in adults

Adult inclusion conjunctivitis: Acute process with mucopurulent discharge,

dermatitis, corneal infiltrates, and corneal vascularization in chronic
disease. Most prevalent in sexually active young people, being
spreadfrom genitalia to the eye.
NEONATAL CONJUNCTIVITIS

Acute process characterized by a mucopurulent discharge.

Develops in infants around 14 days after birth.
The disease presents as a swelling of the eyelids and orbit,
hyperaemia and a purulent infiltration of the conjunctiva.
Acquired from the mother during birth.
If untreated the infection usually resolves, but a
substantial proportion of these infants develop chlamydial
pneumonia about 6 weeks after birth
NEISSERIA GONORRHOEA
(PERTUMBUHAN AGAR THAYER MARTIN)
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
(PEWARNAAN GRAM)
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
(PEWARNAA GINNS-BURRY)
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
(AGAR DARAH)