Anda di halaman 1dari 12

Paradigm

Functionalism
Functionalism is the theoretical
framework that defines society as a
system of interrelated parts.

Social Problems are due to the


interrelated nature of society, and
thus, the best way to understand and
solve these problems is to understand
the society as a whole.
Functionalism
Common Tenets of the
Functionalist Approach
1. Society as a system of interrelated
parts functioning for the good of the
whole.

2. All Social Systems have four key


functions: Adaptation, Goal
Attainment, Integration, and Latency.
Functionalism
Four Functions of Social Systems
1. Adaptation production and
distribution of goods and services.
2. Goal Attainment writing and
enforcing of the rules.
3. Integration procreation and
socialization of children
4. Latency a system of values and
beliefs
Functionalism
Four Functions of Social
Systems
1.Adaptation ECONOMY
2.Goal Attainment POLITY
3.Integration FAMILY AND
EDUCATION
4.Latency RELIGION
Functionalism
Common Tenets of the Functionalist
Approach
3. Social Action takes place as a dynamic
equilibrium within a social system of cultural
norms and institutional structures.

Dynamic Equilibrium means that society is


always changing, wherein each functional
imperative must adjust to changes that occur
in other institutions.
Functionalism
Core Questions of the
Functionalist Paradigm
1. What are the key components of
society?
2. How do these components relate to
each other?
3. What keeps society in balance?
4. What are the expected and
unexpected consequence of an
event?
Functionalist Thinkers
Talcott Parsons (19021979)
Society is a grand interrelated system in
which each individual is instrumental in
keeping the system functional.
Social problems are caused by
individuals or groups not functioning
properly
E.g., instrumental and expressive roles
in the family
Functionalist Thinkers
Robert Merton (19102003)
Every action in society has manifest
functions and latent functions
Social problems are latent consequences
of societal action E.g., housing projects
Social problems can be seen as
dysfunctions in society or caused by
dysfunctions in society
E.g., school shootings
Functionalist Thinkers
Herbert Spencer (18201903)
Society can be considered a living
organism

Social Darwinism - Social problems are


caused by biologically inferior people
Functionalist Thinkers
Emile Durkheim (18581917)
Division of labor
Social integration and social control (e.g.,
social facts, norms and values) hold society
together
Social problems are caused by lack of
integration E.g., egoistic suicide
Social problems are caused by weakening of
norms (anomie)
E.g., anomic suicide
Core Questions

Anda mungkin juga menyukai