Os

Vulcan

 WhereARE
Volcanoes??

 SubductionZones

HotSpots

MidOceanRidges

 VolcanoesProduce
Lavas
~VaryingViscosity
~VaryingComposition
PyroclasticMaterials
~SolidFragments
~Bubbles
~Bombs>RockSized
~Lapilli>PebbleSized
~Ash>ReallySmall

Cones
AwesomeSecretLayers


TheIceCreamConeWasInventedat
the1904WorldsFairinSaintLouis
Missouri

*cinderconeswerenot

 SpeakingofLiquidHotMagma
Composition
Rangefromultramafic>felsicwithincreasingsilicacontent

Mafic
Generallycomposedofbiotite,amphibole,pyroxeneandolivine
About50%Silicacontent
highmeltingtemp~1100oc
lowviscocity

Felsic
Generallycomposedofquartz,kfeldspar,plagioclasefeldspar,muscovitemica
About70%Sibyweight
Lowmeltingtemp700oc
Highviscosity

CinderCones

~Loosepileofpyroclastic
material

~Generallyhaveslopes
Ofabout30degrees

~GasChargedLava
Degassingasmagma
rises

~Canbefoundalmost
Anywhere

 PoliceUseCompositePhotosto
IdentifyCriminal
Suspects

 Composite(Stratovolcanoes)
~~AlternatingCindersandLavaFlow

~IntermediateSlopes

~SubductionZoneVolcanoes

~FelsicLava

 Sunscreenshields
Youfromthesuns
HarmfulUVrays

ShieldVolcanoes

~GentleSlopes<10
Degrees

~HotspotVolcanoes
(Hawaii,Iceland)

~MaficLava

EruptionTypes
Whydidyou
Pushmeintothe
Volcano?!?

BecauseIfeltlikeit!
Ok?!?

HawaiianEruptions
Quiet Inthelatestagesoferuption
Fragmentalmaterialcomesout
ProduceLargeVolumes Andmakescindercones
Ofhot,fluid,basalticmagma
CanCreateLava
fountains

Flowsmay
Beonlya
Fewcm
thick

Plinian
ietheviolenteruptionofMt.Vesuviusin79AD
Produceslargeamountofgasapyroclasticmaterial
Plumesupto5060,000m
Rapidashfall

Pelean
ieMt.Pelee
Characterizedbynueeardentsandpyroclasticflow
Heavierthanairgas/particleemulsion

Krakatoan
MostViolentlyExplosive
Upto18km3blownout
Noiseheardupto5000kmaway
Largecloudofashproduced

Strombolian
Regularexplosionsofmild/moderatestrength
Theventcrustsoverwithbasalticmagma,
Pressurebuildsup,eruptionbreaksthrough


 Bjorkismyfavorite
Icelandicperforming
Artist!

 WhileBjorkIsAsingerJokuhlhaupsAre
~MassiveFloodEventsCausedbySubglacialEruptions

 Whiterabbitisan
Awesomesongby
Jeffersonairplane!

 AirplaneHazardsinVolcanicEruption
~Ashcancauselossofthrustintheengines

~Windshieldpittingcanoccur

 JeffersonAirplane
BecameJefferson
Starship

 Lahar

~Largemassesofflowingwater,rockandash

~Rainonalooseslopeorwaterfromaglacialmelt

~Thiscanhappenbecauseofthereleaseof
craterlakes

 StevieNicks!

 Landslides

~Volcanoesdonotprovide
overlystableslopes

~Anearthquake/explosion/lots
ofrainmaytriggeralandslideon
avolcanicslope

*Thisisnottheprimarytechniqueemployedinthepredictionofvolcaniceruptions

Tealeavesareusedby
Clairvoyantstopredictthe
future

 Prediction
ChangesinSeismicity
Changesinthecompositionandamountofgas
Emissionsignalanincreaseinvolcanicactivitiy
*Changesingroundwaterchemistry

Equipmentisplacedonthesidesofslopestomeasure
Tilt/uplift

Remotesensinginfraredmonitersthedepthofmagma

ConclusionJoevsTheVolcano

 Joe Volcano

collegestudent majorgeologicfeature

runs mayormaynothave
RUNnylava

INHAWAIIIN2005

Forgoodmeasure..