TCR BASED FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION

SYSTEM USING VOLTAGE

COMPENSATION TECHNIQUE

SUBMITTED BY:-
VISHAL MISHRA
IU1241080026
EEE
 INTRODUCTION
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System.

FACTS as they are generally known, are new devices that

improve transmission systems.

FACTS is a static equipment used for the AC transmission

of electrical energy.

It is generally a power electronics based device.

Meant to enhance controllability and increase power

transfer capability.
 TYPES OF FACTS COMPENSATION
TECHNIQUES

Static Compensator of VARs (SVC, TCR)

Tyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC, TCSR)
Tyristor Controlled phase shifting Transformer (TCPST)
Tyristor Controlled voltage regulator (TCVR)
PHASOR DIAGRAM:-

Vr > Vs
PROJECT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
 POWER SUPPLY
230 V 12V step downBridge rectifier
transformer 5v Regulator
AC
50
Hz 5V DC

Filter(470f)
 MEASURING TIME DIFFERENCE B/W
TWO WAVES FOR POWER FACTOR
MEASUREMENT:

First interrupt Second interrupt

(timer starts) (timer stops)
T(time
difference) = time difference *

Power factor = Cos (

 HARDWARE COMPONENTS
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)
SCR
OPTO-ISOLATOR
LCD
LM339
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
INDUCTIVE LOAD
SHUNT CAPACITOR
PUSH BUTTONS
LED
1N4007 / 1N4148
RESISTOR
CAPACITOR
MICROCONTROLLER

It is a smaller computer
Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...

CPU RAM ROM

A single chip
Serial
I/O Timer COM Microcontroller
Port
Port
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLER-
AT89S52/51

External
On Timer/Coun

interrupts ter

Int - O Ti Co
er chi n- me
Ti un
ru p ch rme
1 ter
pt
C RO ip r0 In
Co
P M R pu
nt
U for S
rol
Bu 4A ts
O pro
s M e
SC I/O
gra
Co r
Por
mnt
P0 P1 P2
i
TxD
ts
P3
cod
rol Addre a
RxD
 OPTO -ISOLATOR
MOC 3061/63
DISADVANTAGES(W.R.T OPTO
ISOLATOR):-

1.)MORE BULKY

2.)REQUIRES ADDITIONAL POWER

TRANSISTOR INTERFACING

3.)SLOW OPERATION
 QUAD VOLTAGE COMPARATOR LM339

V(max)=2V
V(min)=30V
rduino based power factor measurment

Theoretical CT sensor calibration:-

CT Ratio / Burden resistance = (10A/ 0.05A) / 33 Ohms = 6.06

 Why calibrate?
we have 3 physical factors that will each contribute to the uncertainty in the value that
we read for the current. These are:-

1.)the transfer ratio of current transformer

2.)value of burden resistior

3.)the accuracy with which the burden voltage is measured

Error=40%(without calibration)
=6% (with calibration)
THANK
YOU!