Manifestos

Where did the word

Manifesto come from?
manifesto 1640s, from Italian
"public declaration explaining past actions
and announcing the motive for forthcoming
ones," originally "proof," from Latin
manifestus (see manifest).
manifest (adj.) late 14c., "clearly revealed,"
from L. manifestus "caught in the act,
plainly apprehensible, clear, evident," from
manus "hand" (see manual) + -festus
"struck" (cf. second element of infest).
http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=manifest&allowed_in_frame=0
 So what is a manifesto?

Usually political in nature, a manifesto

is a public declaration of previous and
future actions of a particular group.
It states the principles and intentions of
a particular group.
 What are some famous
political manifestos?
1776: The Declaration of Independence (US) is
considered a Manifesto.
1812:The Cartagena ManifestoSimon Bolivar
1848: The Communist ManifestoKarl Marx
1850: The Anarchist ManifestoAnselme
Bellegarrigue
1919: The Fascist ManifestoFasci di
Combattimento
1925: Mein KampfAdolf Hitler
1995: Unabomber ManifestoTheodore Kaczynski
...and so many more
 What were the manifestos
in response to?
Industrial Revolution
Communism
Political struggles/power
World Wars
Great Depression, etc.
Artistic Movements
Literary Movements
Contents
Preamble
I: Bourgeois and Proletarians
II: Proletarians and Communists
III: Socialist and Communist Literature
IV:
Position of the Communists in Relation
to the Various Existing Opposition Pa
rties
 Artistic Manifestos

1886: The Symbolist ManifestoJean

Moreas
1909: The Futurist ManifestoFilipo
Tommaso Marinetti
1918: The Dada ManifestoTristan
Tzara
1924: The Surrealist ManifestoAndre
Breton
1991: Cyberfeminist ManifestoVNS
Matrix
 What were the artistic
manifestos in response to?
Breaking through traditional modes of
art and literature
Not taking things for granted
Questioning reality
Streams of consciousness
Attacking hierarchy, patriarchy
 Unabomber Manifesto
(1995)
University + Airline Bomber
Unabomber

http://abcnews.go.com/Archives/video
/unabomber-suspect-kaczynski-
9851497
Ted Kaczynski