Lecture 39 - Design of Two-Way

Floor Slab System

CEN 347
 Lecture Goals

Example of DDM
Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
Using the direct design method,
design the typical exterior flat-
slab panel with drop down
panels only. All panels are
supported on 20 in. square
columns, 12 ft long. The slab
carries a uniform service live
load of 80 psf and service dead
load that consists of 24 psf of
finished in addition to the slab
self-weight. Use fc = 4 ksi and
fy = 60 ksi
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
The thickness of the slab is
found using

12 in
24 * 20 in
ln
ft 8.12 in No panels
33 33
12 in
24 * 20 in
ln
ft 7.44 in 8.0 in
36 36
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
From the ACI Code limitation:
1. For panels with discontinuous edges, end beams
with a minimum equal to 0.8 must be used;
otherwise the minimum slab thickness calculated
by the equations must be increased by at least 10%.
2. When drop panels are used without beams, the
minimum slab thickness may be reduced by 10 %.
The drop panels should extend in each direction
from the centerline of support a distance not less
than one-sixth of the span length in that direction
between center to center of supports and also
project below the slab at least h/4.
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
From the ACI Code limitation:
3. Regardless of the values obtained for the equations,
the thickness of two-way slabs shall not be less
than the following:

1. For slabs without beams or drop panels, 5 in.

2. for slabs without beams but with drop
panels, 4 in.
3. for slabs with beams on all four sides with
m > 2.0, 3.5 in. and for m < 2.0, 5 in. (ACI
Code 9.5.3)
Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
Therefore, the panel thickness is
h 8 in.
h 8 in. 10 in.
4 4
The panel half width are at least L/6 in length.
L 24 ft
4 ft
6 6
L 20 ft
3.33 ft 3.5 ft
6 6
Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
Therefore, the drop down panel thickness is 10 in.
and has 7 ft x 8 ft.
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
The load on the slab is given as:
1 ft
Slab load 24 lb/ft 8 in.
2
150 lb/ft 3
124 lb/ft 2

12 in.
wu 1.2 124 lb/ft 2 1.6 80 lb/ft 2 276.8 lb/ft 2

The load on the panel is

1 ft
Panel load 24 lb/ft 10 in.
2
150 lb/ft 3
149 lb/ft 2

12 in.
wu 1.2 149 lb/ft 2 1.6 80 lb/ft 2 306.8 lb/ft 2
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
The drop panel length is L/3 in each direction, then the
average wu is

2 1
wu 276.8 lb/ft 306.8 lb/ft 286.8 lb/ft
2 2 2

3 3
Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
The punch out shear at center column is
d 10 in. 0.75 in. 0.5 in.
8.75 in.

bo 4 20 in. 8.75 in.

115 in.
Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
The punch out shear at center column is

1 ft
2

Vu 0.287 k/ft 24 ft 20 ft 28.75 in.

2

12
in.

136.1 k

Vc 4 f c bo d

0.75 4 4000 115 in. 8.75 in.
190.9 k Vu OK.
Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
The punch out shear at panel is
d 8 in. 0.75 in. 0.5 in.
6.75 in.
12 in.
bo 2 8 ft. 6.75 in.

1 ft.
12 in.
2 7 ft. 6.75 in.

1 ft.
387 in.
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
The punch out shear at panel is
1 ft
1 ft
Vu 0.287 k/ft 24 ft 20 ft 102.75 in.
2
90.75 in.
12
in. 12
in.
119.2 k

Vc 4 f c bo d

0.75 4 4000 387 in. 6.75 in.
495.6 k Vu OK.

One way shear is not critical.

Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
Moment Mo for the two directions are:

Long 0.287 k/ft 20 ft 22.33 ft

2 2

direction M o 8
357.9 k-ft

Short 0.287 k/ft 24 ft 18.33 ft

2 2

direction M o 8
289.4 k-ft
Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
The column strip will be 10 ft. (20 ft /4 = 5ft),
therefore the middle strips for long section is 10 ft and
the middle strip for the short section will be 14 ft.

The average d for d 10 in. 1.5 in.

the panel section 8.5 in.

The average d for

d 8 in. 1.5 in.
the slab section 6.5 in.
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
The factored
components of the
moment for the beam
(long) is similar to an
interior beam.

Negative Moment 0.65 357.9 k-ft 232.6 k-ft

Positive + Moment 0.35 357.9 k-ft 125.3 k-ft
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
Components on the beam (long) interior.

Column Strip
Negative Moment 0.75 232.6 k-ft 174.5 k-ft
Positive + Moment 0.60 125.3 k-ft 75.2 k-ft
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
Components on the beam (long) interior.

Middle Strip
Negative Moment 0.25 232.6 k-ft 58.2 k-ft
Positive + Moment 0.40 125.3 k-ft 50.2 k-ft
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
Computing the reinforcement uses:

Mu
Ru
bd 2
1.7 * R u
R u w f c 1 0.59 w w 2 1.70 w 0
fc

1.7 * R
1.70 1.7 4 u
2

f c f y wf c
w w
2 fc fy
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
Compute the reinforcement need for the internal moment
in long direction. Strip width b =120 in. (10 ft) d =8.5 in.
and Mu = 174.5 k-ft
12 in.
174.5 k-ft
Mu 1 ft
Ru 2 0.242 ksi
120 in. 8.5 in.
2
bd
1.7 *0.242 ksi
w 1.70 w
2
0
0.9 4 ksi
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
Compute the reinforcement need for the internal moment
in long direction. Strip width b =120 in. (10 ft) d =8.5 in.
and Mu = 174.5 k-ft

1.7 4 0.1141
2
1.70
w 0.0700
2
wf c 0.0700 4 ksi
0.00466
fy 60 ksi
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
The area of the steel reinforcement for a strip width
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 8.5 in., and h = 10 in.

As bd 0.00466 120 in. 8.5 in. 4.76 in 2

As min 0.0018bh 0.0018 120 in. 10 in. 2.16 in 2
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
The area of the steel reinforcement for a strip width
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 8.5 in., and As = 4.76 in2. Use
a #5 bar (Ab = 0.31 in2 )

As 4.76 in 2
# bars 2
15.3 Use 16 bars
Ab 0.31 in
120 in. Maximum spacing is 2(h)
s 7.5 in.
16 or 18 in.
So 7.5 in. < 18 in. OK
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
Column Strip Middle Strip
The long direction Negative Positive Negative Positive
Moment (k-ft) 174.5 75.2 58.2 50.2
b (in) 120 120 120 120
d (in) 8.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
h (in) 10 8 8 8
fy (ksi) 60 60 60 60
fc (ksi) 4 4 4 4
Ru (ksi) 0.24152 0.17799 0.13775 0.11882
w 0.06997 0.05097 0.03917 0.03367

0.00466 0.00340 0.00261 0.00224

A s (in2) 4.76 2.65 2.04 1.75
A s(min) (in2) 2.16 1.73 1.73 1.73
# bars req 15.35 13.25 10.18 8.75
spacing (in) 7.50 8.57 10.91 13.33
Use
# bars 16 #5 15 #4 10 #4 10 #4
spacing (in) 7.5 8 12 12
 Example Two-way Slab (Panels)
Column Strip Middle Strip
The short direction Negative Positive Negative Positive
Moment (k-ft) 141.1 60.8 47.1 40.5
b (in) 120 120 168 168
d (in) 8.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
h (in) 10 8 8 8
fy (ksi) 60 60 60 60
fc (ksi) 3 3 3 3
Ru (ksi) 0.19529 0.14391 0.07963 0.06847
w 0.07570 0.05508 0.03002 0.02575

0.00379 0.00275 0.00150 0.00129

As (in2) 3.86 2.15 1.64 1.41
As(min) (in2) 2.16 1.73 2.42 2.42
# bars req 12.45 10.74 12.10 12.10
spacing (in) 9.23 10.91 12.92 12.92
Use
# bars 16 #5 12 #4 14 #4 14 #4
spacing (in) 7.5 10 12 12