PLC Programming Basics

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PLC Programming Basics

Basic Ladder Logic Bit Instructions

Set Reset One-shot Rising or

Falling

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PLC Programming Basics

Instruction Addressing

Input and output bit instructions are

addressed with either actual (physical)
digital I/O addresses or internal storage
bit addresses.

These addresses are defined by the PLC

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 PLC Programming Basics

Instruction Addressing

easy500 controllers use Markers for

internal addresses such as M01, M05,
N11

easy500 controllers use Ixx for actual

(physical) Input addresses and Qxx for
Output addresses. Example: I01, I08 are
Inputs and Q01, Q04 are Outputs

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PLC Programming Basics

Instruction Addressing

Marker addresses (Mxx) are internal

storage addresses defined by the
controller. They are used as internal
relays

Real-world Input and Output addresses

must correspond to the actual (physical)
input terminal as defined by the
controller
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PLC Programming Basics

Read real world

inputs

Evaluate
ladder

Write real world

outputs

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PLC Programming Basics

Inputs
Input instructions change state when
power is applied to the input terminal
with the corresponding address

Its common to call the following

instruction True rather than Closed
when power is applied to the terminal its
addressed to

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PLC Programming Basics

Inputs

Its also common to call the following

instruction False rather than Open
when power is applied to the input
terminal its addressed to

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PLC Programming Basics
Outputs

Outputs energize when rung

conditions preceding them are True

When Input 1 is True, Output 1 is

energized
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PLC Programming Basics

Set/Reset
A Set instruction remains True even
after the rung conditions that made it
True become False
A Set instruction must be accompanied
by a Reset instruction addressed with
the same address in order to reset the
bit, based on your logic

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PLC Programming Basics

Set/Reset Example

Input 1 sets Output 1 and Input 2 resets

Output 1 (Inputs 1 & 2 must not be True at
the same time)
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PLC Programming Basics
In 1 Timer 1

Timer 1 Out 1

In 2 Out 2

Ladder is evaluated (scanned)

starting from the top rung, left to
right, followed by the next rung,
and so on, until the bottom is
reached. Then starts again at the
top.
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PLC Programming Basics

Logical AND/OR Operations

If Input A AND Input B
are True, the Output will
energize

If Input A OR Input B
is true, the Output will
energize

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PLC Programming Basics

AND/OR Combination Logic

Output X is energized if A AND (B OR C)

are True

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PLC Programming Basics - Timers

Timers
Two basic types of timers in PLCs:
1. On-delay timers
2. Off-delay timers

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PLC Programming Basics - Timers

On-delay timers
When an On-delay timer is energized
(True) it delays turning On the timers
output bit until the timers preset time
value is reached. The output bit is
often called the timers Done bit and
it indicates the timer has attained its
preset time.

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PLC Programming Basics - Timers

Off-delay timers
When an Off-delay timer is energized
(True) it immediately turns On its
output (Done) bit. The timer then
delays turning Off the output (Done)
bit for the timers preset time, after the
timer is de-energized (False).
Off-delay timers are less common than
On-delay timers.

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Questions?

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 2013 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.