First Sechenov Moscow Medical

University
Topics of practice classes for the 1-st
year students for the spring semester
of 2015 academic year

Technical equipment of
dental practice

DMD DD Kuznecova M.U.

The history and perfection of
dental equipment
7000 BC
. -evidence of ancient
dentistry. Neolithic.
Pakistan.
Preparation.
1723 French surgeon

Pierre Fauchard. He wrote a

book The Surgeon
Dentist (Le Chirurgien
Dentiste)This book is
about tooth anatomy,
treatment and function.
y dental instruments and tools, two dental mirrors, amalgam car
and gingival trimmer, ca. 1900-1920.
Set of dental
instruments dated
1823
Dental mirrors dating to the early 19th century.

Dental mirror c. 1840

 1831 .
The first tilting dental chair was made by
James Snell

1871 .
James B. Morrison patented the first dental
foot drill. It was a real revolution in dental
practice because it was rather cheap and it
had enough speed for hard tissue preparation
on a good quality level.
 1876
The "S. S. White company started serial
production of improved Morrison's dental drill
witch had flexible shoulder. Also ferrule and
burs were made by this company
1871 .American dentist George F. Green
got patent for the first electrical dental drill. But it
has been widely used just at the end of 19 and in the
beginning of 20 centaury

1877 .
The Wilkerson chair was made. It was the first
hydraulic dental chair.
 1957 .
John Borden
made high - speed turbine ferrule. The Airotor
the speed was 300000 rpm (turnovers per
minute). It had a great commercial success
and it was a new step in high speed dentistry.
 Equipment of dental practice.
1. Dental equipment for examine and treating
patients
Basic equipment- dental device, Dental chair,
doctor`s chair, assistants chair, dental table
Optional equipment- equipment for specific work
such as: device for electroodontodiagnosis, bipolar
coagulator blood coagulation timer, lamp for photo
polarization, apex locator, etc
2. Equipment for sterilization and disinfection- hot-
air sterilizer, sterilizer for syringes, cleaning sterilizer,
sterile storage, fume chamber, quartz lamp.

3. Equipment for dental assistant work- desk for

paper work, computer, cupboard for papers.

4. Equipment for personal hygiene - sink for hand

washing, sink for dental devises washing (Dont use the
same sink for washing hands and dental devices ),
container with disinfectant and washing solution.
5. Medical furniture - cabinet for drugs
(pharmaceuticals), devices, filling materials, first
aid kit, chairs for patients.


. dental device it is a complex for basic dental
work.
It is consist of: functional blocks and all of them
have specific names
Depending on the type of dental device blocks
could be different.
 Blocks of dental device
1. Block of tools: It is a basic block of dental device it
consist of tool for working over oral cavity. Also it
may have a lighting unit for optical tools.

2. Low- speed drill: speed is from 10 000 to 30 000

rpm (turnovers per minute)

3. High speed drill: speed is from 300 000 to 500

000 rpm

4. Other tools: Ultrasonic tools, lamp for photo

polarization etc
Block of tools
2. control block consist of control treadle and
control panel. Using to control dental device.
(Position of dental chair, Speed
of drills)

3. Lightning block - consist of halogen lamp for

illumination of the working area, bracket using
for choosing and fixation lamp position
4. Hydraulic block - consist of spittoon using for
utilization of saliva and other fluids.

Glass sink function: to fill in a glass with water.

Salivary ejector -function: to evacuate saliva and other

fluids from the oral cavity

High Velocity (volume) evacuation function: to

evacuate large volumes of fluid and debris from the oral
cavity

Water air syringe function: to rise and dry specific

teeth or entire oral cavity.
Dental table- using for placement
tool during operation. It has
wheels for moving.
 8.dentist chair - consist of soft seat also it has
wheels for moving

9. dental assistant`s chair it should be higher on

15-20 15 20 centimeters
than dentist`s chair.
 Types of dental handpiece

1. High-speed contra angle

handpiece.
2. Slow-speed handpiece.
- For flexible shoulder (straight and
angle)
- Slow-speed motor with straight
handpiece attachment (straight and
angle)
 Slow-speed motor with straight
handpiece attachment
straight handpiece.
It has the same internal device as straight handpiece
for flexible shoulder and rigid shoulder. But it has
straight handpiece attachment . Also It has
removable cooling system

Use :
- Operative dentistry (the anterior teeth )
- orthopedics and orthodontics practice
- surgical dentistry
- .
angle handpiece
It has the same internal device as straight handpiece
for flexible shoulder and rigid shoulder. But it has
sliding joint witch connected with micromotors.

Use :

- Operative dentistry .
- Orthopedics and orthodontics practice
 Air-turbine handpiece
Air-turbine handpiece uses for holding cutting tools.
Speed is from 300 000 to 500 000 rpm

Use: operative dentistry

Endodontic (root canal) handpiece
It has lower turnover speed 350-400 rpm. Also it has
reciprocating rotary movement and angle of turnover is
90 degrees. It helps to avoid breaking off tools in a root
canal. To use with endodontic nickel- titanium rotary
instruments

.
Dental instruments for patient
examination
1. Mouth mirror
Characteristics
Front surface mirrors- Accurate, distortion- free image
Flat surface mirrors- Used in disposable models
Concave mirrors- Magnify image
Double-sided mirrors Used to retract tongue or cheek
and view intraoral cavity
Range of size
2. Explorer
Characteristics
Pointed tips; sharp , thin, flexible
single or double ended
-Double ended models May have different styles of
working ends; also may have explorer on end and
periodontal probe on the other
Used with most tray setups
Variety of size and types
1.Orban
2. Pigtail
3. Shepherd`s hook
3. Cotton forceps
Characteristics
Plain or serrated tips
Pointed or rounded tips
Locking forceps
Range of size available
Used with most tray setups
Function:
Restorative instruments

1.PLASTIC INSTRUMENT
FUNCTION: To place moldable (plastic) restorative
materials and cements in the cavity
preparation
FEATURES: Double ended with a non-cutting blade on
each end or a nib on one end and a blade
on the other
Many varieties in shape and size
2.COMPOSITE INSTRUMENT
FUNCTION: To place composite restorative materials in
the cavity preparation
Essentially a plastic instrument made of nonstick metal
(anodized aluminum or
titanium nitride) or made of plastic to prevent sticking,
scratching, and
discoloration of the composite
FEATURES: Double ended with a non-cutting blade on
each end or a nib on one end and a blade
on the other
Many varieties in shape and size
3. SPOON EXCAVATORS

FUNCTION: To remove soft decay and other materials

such as temporary restorations and
cement from tooth

FEATURES: Rounded, scoop-like working end

Multiple sizes in spoon or blade shape
Design of instrument makes it useful for many tasks

TRAY SET-UP: Amalgam, composite, crown and bridge

 Hard tissue cutting instruments

1. Rotary instruments
-Burs ( )
-Other abrasive instruments
2. Hand cutting instruments
- SPOON EXCAVATORS
- ENAMEL HATCHET
- STRAIGHT/ BINANGLE CHISEL
ROTARY INSTRUMENTSDENTAL BURS
FUNCTION: Excavation of caries and removal of enamel
and dentin to design cavity for a
restoration; to smooth and trim restorations; to adjust
prosthetic and orthodontic
appliances; and to remove and section teeth
FEATURES: Cutting instruments designed to fit into the
chuck of a dental handpiece
Burs come in a variety of shapes and sizes and are
classified according to use:
Cavity preparation burs
Finishing burs
Laboratory burs
Surgical burs
PARTS OF A BUR: 1. Headthe working end (the various
head shapes are introduced on the
following pages in this section)
2. Neckthe tapered portion that connects the head to
the shank
3. Shankthe portion designed to fit into the handpiece
Dimonds
DIAMONDS
FUNCTION: For rapid, bulk reduction of tooth structure,
polishing
and finishing restorations (fine), bone and gingival
contouring in periodontal surgical procedures (coarse)

FEATURES: Various shapes and sizes (cone, oval, flame,

egg, taper,
pear, wheel, discs, strip)

TRAY SET-UP: Crown and bridge preparation, cavity

preparation,
gingivoplasty, alveoplasty


FINISHING BURS
 FINISHING BURS
FUNCTION: Contouring, smoothing, and
polishing of restorative
material
FEATURES: Tungsten carbide, 12 cutting
blades
Various shapes and sizes (cone, oval, flame,
egg, taper,
pear), with more blades (fissures) for smoothing
Mostly FG shank, some are available in RA
shank
TRAY SET-UP: Cavity preparation
Steel Burs
CAVITY PREPARATION BURS
ROUND (Steel)
FUNCTION: Excavation of caries;
removal of dentin to design cavity for a
restoration; gain access to root canal
FEATURES, 68 cutting blades
Sizes: 14, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10
FG, RA, HP, FGSS shanks
TRAY SET-UP: Cavity preparation
CAVITY PREPARATION BURS
STRAIGHT FISSURE PLAIN
FUNCTION: Excavation of caries;
removal of and dentin to design
cavity for a
restoration
FEATURES:, 68 cutting blades
Sizes: 56, 57, 58, 59, 60
FG, RA, HP, FGSS shanks
TRAY SET-UP: Cavity preparation
Burs
& Rotary7
160
 CAVITY PREPARATION BURSSTRAIGHT FISSURE
CROSSCUT
FUNCTION: Excavation of caries; removal of enamel
and dentin to design cavity for a
restoration
FEATURES: Tungsten carbide, 68 cutting blades
Sizes: 556, 557, 558, 559, 560
FG, RA, HP, FGSS shanks
TRAY SET-UP: Cavity preparation
Burs
& Rotary7
162
 CAVITY PREPARATION BURS
TAPERED FISSURE PLAIN
FUNCTION: Excavation of caries;
removal of dentin to design cavity for a
restoration
FEATURES: 68 cutting blades
Sizes: 169, 170, 171, 172
FG, RA, HP, FGSS shanks
TRAY SET-UP: Cavity preparation
COMPOSITE FINISHING
SYSTEM
 COMPOSITE FINISHING SYSTEM
FUNCTION: To shape, smooth, and polish
composite restorations
FEATURES: Flexible discs designed
specifically for composite
Disc covers top of mandrel
to prevent damage to
restoration
Color-coding designates grit
Multiple manufacturers
TRAY SET-UP: Composite restoration
STONES
 STONES
FUNCTION: Made of silicon carbide or aluminum
oxide to smooth, trim, and polish amalgam,
gold, composite, acrylic, porcelain
Used in the laboratory and at chairside
FEATURES: Various shapes, sizes, grits
Green, red, pink, blue, yellow, white, gray, brown
points/stones
Mounted on shanks or unmounted to attach to
mandrel
Brushes
Thanks for attention !