Thehipjointiscomposedofaballandsocket,withthesurfaceofeachcovered
bycartilage.
Anumberofconditionsanddiseasescancausethecartilagesurfacesto
degenerate,whichinturnleadstopain,stiffness,lossofhipjointrangeof
motion,anddisability.
Surgeonsreplaceboththeball(femoralhead)andsocket(acetabulum)during
totalhipreplacementsurgery
When is it recommended?
Total Hip Replacement is recommended when the patient is suffering from
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteonecrosis, Injury of the hip joint, or some bone
tumors have been diagnosed that are adversely affecting the hip joint.
Additionally, if the patient has any of the following conditions then hip
replacementisrequired:
Hiparthritis(Primaryosteoarthritis)
Secondaryosteoarthritis(morecommoninIndia)
Femoralneckfractureswithpreexistingosteoarthritis
Femoralneckfracture,Nonunions
Malunitedhipsocketandballfractures
Avascularnecrosis(AVN)
Protrusioacetabuli(deepsocket)
Slippedupperfemoralepiphysis
Perthesdisease
Rheumatoidarthritis
Ankylosingspondylitis
TherearespecificallytwotypesofHipreplacementsurgeries,onethatis
mostcommonlyusedistheTotalhipreplacementsurgeryandtheother
one is the semi (half) hip replacement surgery. The surgeons adopt
varioustechniquestodothesesurgeries.
Anteriorhipreplacementtechniqueisalsoknownasminianteriorapproach
towards hip replacement. It provides similar results as the traditional hip
replacement procedure of replacing worn out bones of the hip joints with
prosthetic implants. The only difference in anterior technique is that the
method of opening the body to reach for hip joint. It has emerged as a
feasiblesubstituteofposteriorortraditionalapproach.
The most common forms of arthritis which affect the hip joint are the following:
Theacetabularcomponent,orsocketportion,whichreplacestheacetabulum.
Thefemoralcomponentorstemportion,whichreplacestofemoralhead.
Thefemoralcomponentismadeofametalstemwithametalballontheend.
Someprosthesishaveaceramicballattachedtothemetalstem.Theacetabular
component is a metal shell with a plastic inner socket liner that acts like a
bearing. The type of plastic used is highly cross linked ultra high molecule
weightPolyethylenewhichiswearresistant.
A cemented prosthesis is held in place by Poly Metha Acrylate (PMMA)
cementthatattachesthemetaltothebone.Anuncementedprosthesishasafine
meshof holesonthesurfaceareathattouchesthebone.Themeshallowsthe
bone to grow into the mesh and "become part of" the bone. The lofe of
uncementedprosthesisisthreetimesasthatofcementedhipprosthesis.
Computer assisted surgery (CAS) / Computer aided surgery/Image guided
intervention andSurgicalNavigation
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