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Learning O bjective

Students will understand, recognize

and write sentences that contain
parallel structure.
U nderstanding Parallel
Structure
Parallel structure (also called parallelism) is the
repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a
sentence. By making each compared item or idea in
your sentence follow the same grammatical pattern,
you create a parallel construction.
Example
Not Parallel:
Ellen likes hiking, the rodeo, and to take afternoon naps.
Parallel:
Ellen likes hiking, attending the rodeo, and taking
afternoon naps.
OR
- Ellen likes to hike, attend the rodeo, and take afternoon
naps.
U sing ParallelStructure

With Coordinating Conjunctions

When you connect two or more clauses or phrases
with a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or,
yet, or so), use parallel structure.
Example
Not Parallel: My best friend took me dancing
and to a show.
Parallel: My best friend took me to a dance
and a show.
U sing ParallelStructure

With Correlative Conjunctions

When you connect two clauses or phrases with a
correlative conjunction (not onlybut also, eitheror,
neithernor, ifthen, etc.), use parallel structure.
Example
Not Parallel:
My dog not only likes to play fetch, but also chase cars.
Parallel:
My dog not only likes to play fetch, but he also likes to
chase cars.
OR
- My dog likes not only to play fetch, but also to chase
cars.
U sing ParallelStructure

With Phrases or Clauses of Comparison

When you connect two clauses or phrases with a
word of comparison, such as than or as, use parallel
structure.
Example
Not Parallel: I would rather pay for my
education than be getting financial aid.
Parallel: I would rather pay for my education
than receive financial aid.
U sing ParallelStructure

With Lists
When you are comparing items in a
list, use parallel structure.
Example
Not Parallel: John Taylor needed to go
to the store to get milk, and he also had
to buy eggs, and he was going to get
oranges too.
Parallel: John Taylor needed to go to the
store to get milk, eggs, and oranges.
Sam ple Item

Directions: Choose the sentence that has no errors in

structure.

A. Eileen bought new shoes for the party, a gold charm for
her mother, and to treat her best friend Maria to lunch.
B. Eileen decided to buy new shoes for the party,
purchasing a gold charm for her mother, and treating
her best friend Maria to lunch.
C. Eileen
Eileen purchased
purchasednewnewshoes
shoesforfor
thethe
party,
party,
a gold
a gold
charm for
charm forher
hermother,
mother,and
andlunch
lunchforfor
Maria,
Maria,
herher
bestbest
friend.
friend.
Item s in a series m ust have
parallelstructure.

Parallelism looks like this:

Shane , , and .

Shane , , and .
H ere is an exam ple:

Shane ate the pizza, wiped his lips, and

burped with contentment.

Ate = past tense verb;

wiped = past tense
verb; and burped =
past tense verb.
D ont create problem s by m ixing gram m atical
elem ents.

Non-parallel structure looks like this:

Shane , , and .

Shane , , and .
The problem looks like this:

Shane ate the pizza, wiped his lips, and

burping with contentment.

Now look what youve

done! Ate and wiped
= past tense verbs, but
burping = present
participle!
Q uick Test,Part 1

Directions: In the items that follow, choose

the sentence that has no errors in structure.

Lets see
how you
perform!
A parallelism item on an
objective test m ight look
like this ...
Item 1

A. Barking dogs, kittens that were meowing, and

squawking parakeets greet the pet shop
visitors.
B. Barking
Barkingdogs,
dogs,meowing
meowing kittens,
kittens,
andand
squawking
parakeets greet
squawking parakeets
the pet greet
shop visitors.
the pet shop
C. visitors.
Dogs that bark, kittens that meow, and
C. parakeets
Dogs that bark,
squawking
kittensgreet
that meow,
the pet and
shop
visitors. squawking greet the pet shop
parakeets
visitors.
Item 2

A. During
Duringclass,
class,Samuel
Samuelspent
spent
hishis
time
time
flirting
flirting
with
Brittney,
with Brittney,
eatingeating
candy,candy,
and doodling
and doodling
on the on
assignment
the assignment
sheet.
sheet.
B. During class, Samuel spent his time flirting with
Brittney, he ate candy, and doodling on the
assignment sheet.
C. During class, Samuel spent his time to flirt with
Brittney, to eat candy, and doodling on the
assignment sheet.
Item 3

A. Alex looked everywhere for his math book

under the bed, on his desk, and he searched
inside the refrigerator.
B. Alex looked everywhere for his math book
viewing under the bed, searching on his desk,
and inside the refrigerator.
C. Alex
Alex looked
lookedeverywhere
everywhereforfor
hishis
math
math
book
book
under the
under thebed,
bed,on
onhis
hisdesk,
desk,andand
inside
inside
thethe
refrigerator.
refrigerator.
Item 4

A. The manager
managerwanted
wantedstaff
staffwho
whoarrived
arrived
on on
time,
smiledsmiled
time, at the customers,
at the customers,
and didnt
and snack
didnt
on
the chicken
snack on the
nuggets.
chicken nuggets.
B. The manager wanted staff who arrived on time,
would be smiling at the customers, and would
not be snacking on the chicken nuggets.
C. The manager wanted staff who arrived on time,
smiled at the customers, and no snacking on
the chicken nuggets.
Item 5

A. After
After giving
givingJeremy
Jeremyher her
phone
phone number,
number, Felicia
Felicia
had
to tolerate
had to tolerate
his late
hisnight
latecalls,
nightstupid
calls,conversations,
stupid
and requests for and
conversations, her math
requests
homework.
for her math
B. homework.
After giving Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had
to tolerate
B. After givinghis late night
Jeremy calls, the
her phone fact that
number, he had
Felicia
carried
to tolerate
on his
stupid
lateconversations,
night calls, theand
factrequests
that he for
her math
carried onhomework.
stupid conversations, and requests for
C. her
Aftermath
giving
homework.
Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had
to tolerate
C. After givingbeing
Jeremywoken up latenumber,
her phone at night, Felicia
havinghad
stupid
to conversations,
tolerate being woken and
uphe constantly
late requested
at night, having
her math
stupid conversations,
homework. and he constantly requested
her math homework.
Q uick Test,Part 2

Directions: In the items that follow, choose

the correct word or phrase within the context
suggested by the sentence.

Now try a
different
type!
Item 6

Pasta boiling in water, __________, and garlic

bread baking in the oven welcomed Francisco as
he opened the door.

A. simmered tomato sauce in the pan

B. tomato
tomato sauce
saucesimmering
simmering in in
thethe
pan
pan
C. tomato sauce that simmered in the pan
D. saucy tomatoes that were simmering in the pan
Item 7

During our vacation in the Bahamas, we hope

__________, to enjoy beautiful sunsets, and to
dance ourselves dizzy at reggae clubs.

A. that we eat delicious seafood

B. that eating delicious seafood occurs
C. to
to eat
eat delicious
deliciousseafood
seafood
D. eating delicious seafood
Item 8

Karen wished Ray chewed with his mouth closed,

for otherwise he was everything she wanted in a
date; he was tall, intelligent, and __________.

A. he looked good
B. being good looking
C. one handsome man to look at
D. handsome
handsome
Item 9

To win Lauries love, Albert visited the florist for

roses, the drugstore for a box of chocolates, and
__________.

A. bought an expensive gold necklace at the

jewelry store
B. the
the jeweler
jewelerfor
foran
anexpensive
expensivegold
gold
necklace
necklace
C. the jeweler where he bought an expensive gold
necklace
D. to buy an expensive gold necklace
Item 10

Kimberly wont date Terry because he is too short,

too noisy, and _________.

A. because he picks his teeth with his fingers

B. too
too impolite
impolite
C. is the most impolite man she has ever met
D. Picking his teeth with his fingers
Thank you guys for
your attention!!

PEACE OUT
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chomp!
The End.