Combating Corruption:

Impact of Social Institution

Submitted to :
Dr. Syeda Lasna Kabir , Professor
Department of Public Administration
University of Dhaka
What is Corruption? How many Types of
Corruption?
Simply Use of entrusted power for private gain
According to TA , corruption three types
Political Corruption
Petty Corruption
Grand Corruption
In World Bank Global Issue Seminar Series titled
The Cancer of Corruption (2005) additional 3 types
of corruption included
Administrative Corruption
Corporate Corruption
Systematic Corruption
Types of Corruption Defined
1. Petty corruption: Petty corruption is usually
committed by rank and files while meeting ordinary
citizen. The amount of petty corruption is not big much
considering to grand corruption. Common example of
petty corruption are gift, use of personal connection for
favor
2. Grand corruption: Usually committed by high
officials and the amount of money is large. It takes
place in decision making level and high level of office
3. Political corruption: Political corruption is
manipulation of policy for private gain, power
Types of Corruption Defined

4. Corporate corruption: Corruption occurs between private

corporations and their suppliers or clients. It also occurs
within corporation for private gain, at the expense of
shareholders.

5. Administrative corruption: Administrative corruption is

the use of bribery or favoritism by lowering taxes or
contracting out low level procurement or helping to evade
rules and regulations.
6. Systematic corruption: Systematic corruption refers to the
prevalence of corruption in every state of a society.
Forms of Corruption
Bribery
Abuse of power
Embezzlement
Extortion
Fraud
Social Institution
A social institution consists of a group of people
who have come together for a common purpose
or goals, and it sets expectation of people in a
given society and determines the role of people
determining position In society.
Anthony Giddens says Institutions by definition
are the more enduring features of social life. He
goes on to list as institutional orders, modes of
discourse, political institutions, economic
institutions and legal institutions
Common Examples of Social Institution
Family
Religion
Government
Health Care
Welfare Organization
Economic Institutions
Government
Democratic Government has a positive impact
on corruption , on the other hand , autocratic
government ruling raises corruption
How ?
Democracy ensures accountably to government
of MPs, political executives , media .
Absence of Democracy may leads to corruption
Government Stance on policy
and others
Ambiguous policy- Depending on Discretion
Restriction on Trade India Bangladesh cattle
business as a result of trade restriction of
government (By Indian Government because of
religious sensitivity of Hinduism)
Accountability
Transparency
Taxation Policy-Recently seized luxurious car
worth car worth 10 crore as lodged tax of the car,
Panama Papaers
Health Care
Inequality government versus private hospital
Lack of proper monitoring
Public hospital often fails to treat patient ,
occurrence of death of patient as a result of
negligence , lack of instrument , modern
equipment , fund , forcing patient to go to private
hospital
Expensive private hospital require more money
than one earns , thus indirectly forcing one to
corrupt
Education
Expensive
Question leakage
Academic Dishonesty tolerated
Politics get upper hand
Recruitment process , training , quality questioned
Coaching Business result of teacher greed for money class room
ineffective, teachers lack knowledge to relevant subject , greed for
money , class room used for recruiting students for private tutoring
These are some of the contributing factors that raise corruption.
What reduce Corruption in Education?
Proper schooling
Academic honesty
Giving fair pay to teachers
Economic Institution
International Trade:
Wal-Mart, the world's largest retailers, is currently
being probed for bribery in a number of countries,
after the company disclosed potential violations in
Mexico.
Low Wages
Unhealthy Competition for wealth
Rise in expenditure but not in wage
Impact of Family
What I want is for my family, no care for any
other
Many family member put extra burden on
income
Aspiration for luxurious life style
Teaching from family
Impact of Religion

When religion grows , also creates hierarchical

organization may raise corruption
Religious teaching can prevent corruption if
incorporated in everyday life
Again venerable religious leaders may be
corruption because everybody believes in them,
does not think anything supspicious
Impact of Religion
Pretension of religion
Some shrines draws large amount of many from
common people , but they are committing
corruption in the name of religion.
Hard to take step against if found corrupt as
religious sensitivity works
What really needed to be done to combat
corruption?
Identifying causes and finding solution
Above mentioned impact of social institution
may help in finding solutions
Thank you- This is all in brief from G on
behalf group