Concrete-1
CE-313
Lecture # 4
14th Feb 2012
Stress Strain
Perfect bond exists between steel & concrete so whatever strain
is produced in concrete same is produced in steel.
Stress 0.6fc
Stress
Stee Concret
l e
Strain Strain
Plain & Reinforced
Concrete-1
Flexural Behavior Beams
General Procedure for the Derivation of Formula
Step # 1 Draw the cross section of beam with reinforcement.
Strain
0.85f
c
C
c
N.A.
la
fs T
Resultant
Strain Stress
Diagram s Diagram Force Diagram
It is clear that the stress diagram is infact obtained by rotating
the stress strain diagram of concrete.
Strains keeps on changing linearly in all three cases.
Plain & Reinforced
Concrete-1
Flexural Behavior Beams (contd)
Mr = T x la = C x la
Plain & Reinforced
Concrete-1
Flexural/Bending Stress Formula
f = M/(I/y)
f = M/S
f = Flexural Stress
S = Elastic Section Modulus
Plain & Reinforced
Concrete-1
Shear Stress Formula
= VAY/(Ib)
(Valid in Elastic Range Only)
= VQ/(Ib)
= Shear Stress b
Q = First moment of area d
h
h d, Effective Depth d
As (Tension
Face)
bw
fc = concrete stress at any load level at any distance form
the N.A
fc= 28 days cylinder strength
c = Strain in concrete any load level
cu = Ultimate concrete strain, 0.003
Plain & Reinforced
Concrete-1
Notation (contd)
fy = Yield strength of concrete
fs = Steel stress at a particular load level
s = strain in steel at a particular level, s = fs/Es
y = Yield strain in steel
Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel
Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete
,Roh = Steel Ratio, = As/Ac = As/(bxd)
T = Resultant tensile force
C = Resultant compressive force
Plain & Reinforced
Concrete-1
Notation (contd)
b
C
h c=k
N.A d
la = jd
d