Guide Questions:

1.Who among you knows how

to do wave surfing?
2. For you, is surfing an
interesting sport or activity?
3. What do you think makes
surfing an exciting/
challenging activity?
WAVES
Waves
> refer to periodic disturbances that
moves away from a source and carries
energy with it through matter or space

Important concepts about Waves

> Waves are described as periodic
disturbances because they are produced
repetitively through the repetitive
motion of an object.
> The repetitive motion of an object
causes wave motion. This is referred to
as Vibration.
Vibration is considered the source of a
wave. It can be a back- and-forth or up-
and-down movement of an object.
When objects vibrate, its particles also
vibrate.
Waves travel to a certain distance and
the direction of its movement is affected
by the motion of a vibrating object.
Waves may travel with or without a
medium or material.
Waves can do work or cause a change
to another object through its energy.
 Since waves carry energy, they are
capable of generating strong force
against other objects. One particular
example of this is an earthquake
wave.
Energy carried by waves can be
transmitted from one object to
another. The energy that is
transmitted then causes a change in
the motion of another object.
The disturbance caused by a wave
may last for a period of time.
The disturbance depends upon the
strength of its source.
 Types of Wave
Waves may be classified according to:
1. Presence or absence of a medium
2. Direction of wave relative to the
medium
. Types of wave according to presence
or absence of a medium.
a. Mechanical waves these are waves
that require a medium for wave
propagation.
A medium is any kind of matter
through which a wave can travel. A
wave transfers energy from particle to
particle in a medium.
Examples of Mechanical Waves
1. Sound wave- Sound is often transmitted
through air. If there were no air
particles to transmit sound, then talking
would be a futile activity.
2. Ocean wave/ Surface wave- In ocean
wave or surface wave, water is the
medium needed to propagate wave
motion.
3. Seismic wave- Results from earthquakes
or volcanic eruptions. It transfers
energy through the earths layers.
4. Heat waves- Heat waves are oftentimes
transmitted through air .
b. Electromagnetic wave these are waves
that can travel without a medium. Thus
they can pass through an empty space or
vacuum.

Examples of Electromagnetic Wave

1. Radiowaves
2. Visible light
3. Ultraviolet light
4. Gamma rays
5. X- rays
6. Microwaves
7. Infrared
Types of wave in terms of its direction
relative to its medium.
a. Transverse wave these are
propagated through the upward and
downward motion of the vibrating
object.
In transverse waves, the particles
of the medium move back and forth
perpendicular to the direction of the
waves. As the waves travel forward,
the particles of the medium move up
and down perpendicular to the
waves direction.
b. Longitudinal waves these waves
occur when the individual particles of a
medium vibrate back and forth or parallel
in the direction of travel.
Ex. When you stretch out a spring toy
and push and pull at one end, you give
energy to the spring causing it to move
back and forth. Notice that some parts of
the spring have coils that are close
together while in other parts, the coils are
spread out.
The parts in the spring where the
coils are close together are called
compressions. The parts where the coils
Review:

Guide questions
1. What are waves?
2. What is a vibration?
3. What are the two types of wave
when classified according to presence
and absence of a medium?
4. What are the two types of wave when
classified according to the direction of
wave relative to a vibrating medium?
Topic: Anatomy of a Wave

Concepts:
Most periodic waves have sinusoidal
waveforms
Parts of a wave having sinusoidal
waveform or shape.
1. Crest the highest point of a wave.
2. Trough the lowest point of a wave.
3. Amplitude the maximum
displacement of a vibrating particle on
either side of its normal or rest position
when it passes. It is also the measure of
the energy carried by the wave.
4. Wavelength describes the distance
between any successive identical parts of
a wave. It can be the distance between
two consecutive crests of two consecutive
troughs of a transverse wave.
In a longitudinal wave, the wavelength
refers to the distance between two
consecutive compressions or two
consecutive rarefactions.
Topic: Properties of a Wave

1. Wavelength
. The wavelength of a wave is
measured in meters and is denoted
by a symbol called lambda.
. Importance of wavelength
* In visible light, the wavelength
determines its color. The light having
long wavelength is more visible from a
distance compared to the light having
shorter wavelength.
Ex. Red light versus violet light
The wavelength of a wave determines its
wave speed. Wavelength is inversely
proportional to wave speed. It means that
the longer the wavelength is, the
lesser/slower the wave speed and vice
versa.
2. Amplitude
> Amplitude is the measure of the
energy carried by the wave. The
amplitude of a wave is directly
proportional to the energy it carry.
> In a longitudinal wave, the more
compressed the particles are, the greater
is the amplitude.
3. Frequency
> It refers to the number of waves that
pass a given point in a certain amount of
time.
> Frequency is measured in units called
Hertz, after the German physicist
Heinrich Hertz who discovered radiowaves.
> 1 Hz = 1 cycle/ second or 1 Hz = 1
wave per second
> the frequency of light that our eyes
can detect is from 4.3 x 10 14 Hz to 7.5 x 10
14
Hz. Light in this range is called visible
light.
Importance of Frequency
The differences of the frequencies in
visible light waves account for the
different colours we see.
Different lights have different
wavelengths.
Wavelength is inversely proportional to
its
frequency. It means that the longer the
wavelength is, the lower is its frequency
and vice versa. (Ex. Rainbow)
* The frequency of a sound wave
determines the pitch of a sound. The
frequency of a sound is directly
proportional to pitch. It means that a high
 Wave speed
> Different waves travel at different
speeds. This can be observed during a
thunderstorm. You see the lightning first
before you hear the clap of thunder. This
happens because light travels faster
than sound. Light is an electromagnetic
wave that travels through air at about
300 000 000 meters per second or 3 x 10
8
m/s while sound is a mechanical wave
that travels through air at about 340
meters per second.
What is wave speed ?
Wave speed refers to the distance the
wave travels per unit time. Wave speed is
related to the frequency of the wave and
wavelength.
In equation, wave speed can be
expressed as,
Wave speed = frequency x
wavelength
The unit for wave speed is in m/s.
> In a given medium, the speed of a wave
is constant. At a given pressure and
temperature, all sound waves travel at the
same speed. Therefore if speed is
Sample problems:
> Compute for wave speed.

1. A wave has a frequency of 15 Hz an a

wavelength of 20 m. What is its speed?
2. Waves in a lake are 5.0 m in length and
pass an anchored boat 1.25 s apart.
What is the speed of the wave?
3. A wave has a frequency of 6 Hz and a
wavelength of 200 cm, what is its
speed?
Try to solve the following problems:
1. Two waves are moving at a speed 400
m/s. The first wave makes 250 cycle/
second while the second wave makes
255 cycles/ second. Which wave has
the shorter wavelength? Which has a
longer wavelength?
2. Two waves can make 250 cycles/
second. The first wave travels at a
speed of 350 m/s while the second
wave travels at a speed of 355 m/s.
Which wave has a shorter wavelength?
Which has a longer wavelength