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Family Theory

A set of perspectives from the


family’s point of view
Helps nurses address important
health issues of the childbearing
and childrearing family

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Nursing Process:
Promotion of Family Health
 Assessment
 Nursing Diagnosis

 Outcome identification and planning


 Implementation

 Outcome evaluation

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Nursing Diagnoses

 Generally relate to the family’s ability


to handle stress and to provide a
positive environment for individual
growth and development

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Nursing Diagnoses:
 Parental role conflict related to prolonged
separation from child during long hospital
stay
 Impaired parenting related to unplanned
pregnancy
 Health-seeking behaviors related to birth of
first child
 Ineffective family coping related to inability
to adjust to child’s illness
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Family
 A group of people related by blood,
marriage, or adoption living together (USCB
2005)
 Two or more people who live in the same
household, share a common emotional bond
and perform certain interrelated social tasks
(Allender and Spradley)

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Family
 How well a family works together and
how well it can organize itself against
potential threats depend on its
structure (who its members consist of)
and its function (the activities or roles
family members carry out)

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Family Types
 Family of orientation
 Family of procreation
 The dyad family
 The nuclear family

 The cohabitation family

 The extended family

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Family Types
 The single-parent family
 The blended family
 The communal family
 The gay or lesbian family
 The foster family
 The adoptive family

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Family Types
 Family of orientation:
- the family one is born into

 Family of procreation:
- a family one establishes

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 Nuclear family:
- family composed of husband, wife
and children

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 Dyad family:
- family consists of 2 people living together
usually man and woman without children

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 Single parent family:
- family with one parent

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 Cohabitation family:
- composed of heterosexual couples
who live together like a nuclear family
but remain unmarried (may be
temporary or lasting)

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 Extended (multigenerational) family:
-includes not only nuclear family but also
other family members

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Blended family:
- divorced or widowed person with children
marries someone who also has children

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 Communal family:
- group of people who have chosen to
live together as an extended family

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• Gay or lesbian family:
- homosexual union, individuals of the
same sex live together as parents for
companionship, financial security, and
sexual fulfillment

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 Foster family:
- children whose parents can no longer
care for them may be placed in a foster
or substitute home
by child protection
agency; temporary
arrangement

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 Adoptive family:
- families who
adopt children
for various
reasons:

 inability to have children


biologically
 biological parents are
unable to provide care and
are willing to have their
children adopted MLNGCeleste, RN MD 19
Methods of Adoption
 Agency

 International adoption program


 Private resources

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Family Functions and Roles
 Passed from one generation to
the next
 Changing and not well defined

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 FAMILY ROLES AND FUNCTIONS:
-WAGE EARNER (supplies the bulk of the income
of the family)
-FINANCIAL MANAGER (pays the bills)
-PROBLEM SOLVER
-DECISION MAKER
-HEALTH MANAGER / NURTURER
-GATE KEEPER ( allows information into and out
of the family)

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8 Essential Family Tasks
 Physical maintenance
- provides food, shelter, clothing and health care
 Socialization of family members
- prepares children to live in a community and to
interact with people outside the family
 Allocation of resources
- determines which needs will be met first and their
order of priority
 Maintenance of order
-opening an effective means of communication
between family members, establishing family values
and enforcing common regulations for all family
members
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8 Essential Family Tasks
 Division of labor – who will fulfill certain roles
 Reproduction, recruitment and release of family
members – changing circumstances more often
determine who live in a family
 Placement of members into the larger society –
selecting community activities such as school,
religious affiliation or political group which correlate
with the family’s beliefs and values
 Maintenance of motivation and morale – a sense of
pride in the family helps members defend the
family against threats and serve as support people
during crises

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Family Life Cycles
 Stage 1: Marriage and the family
 Stage 2: The early child-bearing family
 Stage 3: The family with preschool
children
 Stage 4: The family with school-aged
children

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Family Life Cycles
 Stage 5: The family with adolescent
children
 Stage 6: The launching center family
 Stage 7: The family of middle years
 Stage 8: The family in retirement or
older age

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Patterns of Family Life
 Mobility patterns
 Poverty

 Reduced government aid programs


 The homeless family

 Increasing number of one-parent


families

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Patterns of Family Life
 Increasing divorce rates
 Decreasing family size

 Dual-parent employment
 Increased family responsibility for
health monitoring
 Increased abuse in families

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Changing patterns of family life:
 Factors :
– Increased mobility of families
– An increase in the number of families in which
both parents work outside the house (dual-
earner family)
– An increase in the number of one-parent family
– An increase in shared childrearing
responsibilities

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Assessment of family structure
and function:

 Tools :
– Genogram-a diagram that details family
structure, provide information about the
family’s history and roles of various family
member

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FAMILY GENOGRAM

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Family Structure
 Wellfamily
 Family in crisis

Assessment:
 Genogram
 Family APGAR

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Family as Part of a Community

 Community
Geographical areas in which
residents relate and interact among
themselves

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