BUNDELKHAND

AND BASTAR
CRATON

Submitted
PARVEJ ALAM
by
IIT ROORKEE
 CRATON
kraton is the greek word for
shield.
A craton may be defined as the
center of a continent which is
relatively stable, with thin
sedimentary sequences
punctuated by unconformities.
A craton is characterized by thin
sedimentary strata that
unconformably overlie
Continent
CRATONS
 BASTAR CRATON
Bastar craton is also called
Bhandara Craton or Central
Indian Craton.

Itcovers southern chattisgarh,

northern maharashtra, south
western Orissa, and north-
western Andhra Pradesh.
Boundary of the Craton
 Lithotectonic Association
1)Gneissic complex(Sukma, Amgaon), with
granites of diffarent ages(dongargarh,
Malanjkhand, Kanker).
2)Granulite belts(Bhopalpatnam, Kondagaon)
3)Kotri-Dongargarh orogen
4)Isolated fold belts of Bengpal, Sakoli, and
Sonakahan
5)Mafic Dyke Swarms
6)Proterozoic purana basins(Abujhmar,
Chattisgarh, Indravati,Pranhita-Godavari
etc.)
STRATIGRAPHY
 Tectonic Evolution
Grey gneiss complex of bastar
craton preserves vestiges of early
crustal history.
Quartzite-pelite-carbonate
suite(Sukma and Amgaon)
swamped by TTG is seen next.
Sukma Group
 Tectonic Evolution
On such a stabilised crust, a rift
was formed that got filled up with
Amygdular Basalt in association
with clastics(Bengpal Group).
Bengpal Group witnessed
widespread intrusive granitic
activity.
Bengpal Group
AfterBengpal Group, the craton
evolved in two different ways:
1)Kotri-Dongargarh Orogen
2)Sonokhan Belt
 Tectonic Evolution
KOTRI-DONGARGARH OROGEN
Bengpal Group was followed by the
initiation of a N-S trending continental rift
called Kotri-Dongargarh orogen.

A basinal succession was formed with Superior

Type BIF that hosted iron-rich ores of Bailadila,
Rowghat, and Dalli-Rajhara(Bailadila Group).
Bailadila Group is made of Basal Quartzite, fine
clastic and tuffaceous unit in the middle and
exrensive BIF on top.
Bailadila Group
 Tectonic Evolution
After a break in sedimentation,
felsic and mafic volcanics
(Nandgaon Group) were emplaced
with a basal conglomerate and
quartzite.
Dongargarh Granite intruded into
the Nandgaon group.
Another valcanic-clastic cycle
deposited Basalt-
Sandstone(Khairagarh Group).
 Tectonic Evolution
On top fine calstic sediments were
deposited with some chemical
precipitates.
This Chilpi Group was involved in the
intense E-W deformation of Satpura
Mobile Belt.
SONOKHAN BELT
Sonakhan Greenstone belt formed in an
isolated rift in the east within the
gneissic complex during the main
volcanic phase of Nandgaon Group.
 Tectonic Evolution
Triangular Sakoli Belt is
contemporaneous with Chilpi
Group and is involved in the
deformation of satpura mobile
belt.
Bastar Craton was fully
stabilised by 1800ma which
paved the way for the deposition
of purana basins of Abujhmar,
Chattisgarh, and Bastar.
Sakoli Group
Mafic Dykes
Central Indian Tectonic Zone
CITZ represents the tectonized
boundary of satpura mobile belt
of proterozoic antiquity.
It is oriented ENE-WSW and
extends for more than 500 km.
CITZ is characterized by 2-5 km
wide zone of mylonites.
 Malanjkhand Granite
Malanjkhand granite has been dated
2300ma(Rb-Sr dating).
N-S trending pluton of about 1000 sq. km.
Area.
Composition ranges form granite to
granodiorite with some tonalite.
Small scale shear zone traversing the
granite are assoviated with Cu-
mneralization.
Porphyry type Cu-deposit in Malanjkhand
is one of the largest deposits in India.
 Mineral Assets
Porphyry Cu-deposit in
Malanjkhand Cu-mine.

Superior type BIF in Bailadila hills.

TriangularSakoli Belt consists of

Sedex-type Cu-Zn and Gold-
Scheelite mineralization.
 BUNDELKHAND CRATON
Thiscraton covers areas of eastern
Rajasthan, south-western Uttar Pradesh,
and north-western Madhya Pradesh.

Laterproterozoic vindhyan sedimentary

succession makes a parabolic cover
through the middle if the craton.

Vindhyan and Aravalli are thrusted upon

each other along the Great Boundary
Fault.
Boundary of the Craton
 Evolution
Rifting
of the sialic crust formed a rift basin that caused
the emplacement of Mangalwar and Mehroni
complexes.

Thickening of the crust due to addition or underplating of

granitic magma(Untala, Gingla and Sendra granite).

Riftingof the crust caused the break up of craton into

two blocks:
1)Bundelkhand(eastern block)
2)Mewar(western block)
Bundelkhand and Mewar block have been separated by
Great Boundary Fault(GBF).
Bundelkhand Craton
 Evolution
Riftingformed a trough which became the site of
deposition of material represented by Hindoli
Complex.
Hindoli pile underwent metamorphism welding
together the Bundelkhand and Mewar blocks.

Evolution of the Bundelkhand craton was complete

with the emplacement of 2550 m.y. old Berach and
Bundelkhand regions.
Rifting in the late proterozoic times developed basins
for deposition of Delhi and Aravalli successions.
 Bundelkhand Granite
Itis a large plutonic complex of
Batholithic dimension(>100sq.km.)
Geochemical studies have helped to
identify four types of granite-
1)Hornblende Granite
2)Porphyritic biotite granite
3)coarse porphyritic granite
4)leucogranite
This classification is based on the
REEs and Pb-Pb ages
 GreatBoundary Fault
Vindhyan occupy 100-300 km space
between the eastern and western
bundelkhand block.
The limit of the Aravalli block against
the Vindhyan is demarcated by the
NE-SW trending Great Boundary Fault.
This fault is having a throw of the
order of 500m.
GBF is exposed in the southern part
of Chittorgarh.
 Mineralization
Diaspore and Pyrophyllite are
commercially mined.
Diaspore is found as geodes,
veins and dissemination in
Pyrophyllite.
The deposits occur in Mehroni
Group of Bundelkhand block.
 References
Geology of India by M.
Ramakrishnan and R.
Vaidyanadhan

The making of India: Geodynamic

Evolution by KS Valdiya

Sedimentary Geology by Donald

R. Prothero and Fred Schwab