A

Project Review
on

Improving Grid Power Quality with

STATCOM on Integration of Wind Energy
System

By
K.MALLIKARJUNAREDDY

Under the esteemed guidance of L.MADHU SUDHAN REDDY

Sri. K. RAMAMOHAN REDDY, M.Tech,(PhD).
Associate Professor, M.KISHORE REDDY
KORM CE ,KADAPA
G.NAGA MAHESH
K.VENKATA BAPUJI REDDY

Introduction
The need to integrate the wind energy system is to
minimize the environmental impact due to conventional
plants. Integration wind energy to the existing power
system that requires the considerations of voltage
stability, voltage regulation & power quality problems
are considered.

Problems in wind generating system

The main problem in wind generating system is power
quality problems. It is due to the fluctuations in wind.

Fluctuations in the wind speed are transmitted as

fluctuations in the mechanical torque, electrical power on
the grid and leads to large voltage fluctuations.

By using facts device (STATCOM) we can improve grid

power quality.
wind
Wind is moving air and is caused by differences in
air pressure within our atmosphere.
Air is nothing but it is a layer which surrounds the
earth atmosphere consisting of 75% nitrogen and 25%
of oxygen and some other gases forming a layer.
The direction of the wind is expressed as the
direction from which the wind is blowing.
An instrument to measure wind speed, called an
anemometer.
More recently, sophisticated Doppler radar has
been used to measure winds above 381 mph.

Wind availability: wind speeds of at least 14.4-

16.2 km/h; 9.0-10.2 mph are needed to produce
electricity from wind turbines.
 Types of wind turbines
Two types of wind turbines .

1) Horizontal axis wind turbine: Continuously

point them in the direction of the wind.
2) Vertical axis turbine: These work whatever
the direction of wind speed. Disadvantage is
needs more guy wires to support.

Tower Height: Recommended height is 24-37 m

(80- 120 ft) high.
Turbine unit: Recommended that rotor blades at
least above 9mt (30ft).
 Figure1. Two basic wind turbines, horizontal axis
and vertical axis.
Table shows the classification system
for wind turbines.
Scale Rotor Power rating
diameter
Micro Less than 3 m 50 W to 2 kW

Small 3 m to 12 m 2 KW to 40 kW

Medium 12 m to 45 m 40 kW to 999
kW
Large 46 m and larger
More than 1.0
MW
Components of wind energy systems
The basic components of a typical wind energy system
are shown below
Horizontal turbine components include:

blade or rotor, which converts the energy in the wind

to rotational shaft energy;

a drive train, usually including a gearbox and a

generator;

a tower that supports the rotor and drive train; and

other equipment, including controls, electrical cables,
ground support equipment, and interconnection
A gearbox, which matches the rotor speed to that of
equipment
the generator/alternator. The smallest turbines (under
10 kW) usually do not require a gearbox.
There are various important wind speeds to
consider:

Start-up wind speed - will turn an unloaded rotor

Cut-in wind speed at which the rotor can be

loaded

Rated wind speed at which the machine is

designed to run
(this is at optimum tip-speed ratio

Furling wind speed the wind speed at which the

machine will be turned out of the wind to prevent
damage

Maximum design wind speed above which

 How It Works
The blades turns a shaft inside the nacelle (the box at
the top of the turbine)
The shaft goes into a gearbox which increases the
rotation speed
The generator uses magnetic fields to convert the
rotational energy into electrical energy is stored in
batteries as dc.
By using inverter stored Dc power is converted to ac
power
The power output goes to a transformer, which
converts the electricity coming out of the generator

The national grid transmits the power around the
country .
Turbine Diagram
Advantages of wind energy system
1. It is a free renewable source, clean , non polluting, electricity.
2. It is free from pollution and emits no pollutants or green gases.

Disadvantages

Electromagnetic interference - some television frequency

bands are susceptible to interference from wind generators.

Noise - wind rotors, gearboxes and generators create

acoustic noise when functioning

Visual impact : Modern wind machine are very large

occupies more area and also cost wise its installation is high .

Rotors of wind system creates a problem to birds .

 Importance of Facts in power
Present
systemdays power transfer grows, as a result
power system becomes more complex to operate
and control also, the system can becomes less
secure. The power systems of today are
mechanically controlled. There is a disadvantage of
using mechanically controlled devices because it
operates frequently these devices tends to wear out
very quickly compared to static devices, thereby
system becomes uncontrolled.

power system planner, engineers introduces FACTS

Types of facts
technology devices the controllabity and
, it enhances
In general,
increases FACTS
the power controllers
transfer . can be divided into
three categories:
1. Series controllers
2. Shunt controllers
3. Combined series-shunt controllers
 Shunt fact controllers
Among FACTS controllers, the shunt controllers
have shown feasibility in term of cost effectiveness in a
wide range of problem-solving applications from
transmission to distribution levels.
STATCOM is one of the most important shunt
FACTS controllers, which have broad applications in
electric utility industry.
STATCOM
It is a static regulating device used in ac
transmission network and is a power electronics
based voltage source current controlled converter. It
is capable of generating or absorbing reactive at its
output when it is fed from input.
 Figure below shows the schematic configuration of STATCOM

In this voltage source inverter generates

Controllable ac voltage at leakage reactance
produces active and reactive power and it is
exchanged b/w statcom and transmission line.
Areas of using Statcom
A STATCOM can improve power-system
performance in such areas as the following:
1. The dynamic voltage control in transmission and
distribution systems;
2. The power-oscillation damping in power
transmission systems;
3. The transient stability;
4. The voltage flicker control; and
5. The control of not only reactive power but also (if
needed) active power in the connected line, requiring
Advantages
a dc energy source
1. STATCOM has the ability to maintain full output
current range even at a very low system voltage
and improving the transient stability.
2. The overall system response time of STATCOM
can reach l0 ms or less.
3. STATCOM can exchange real power with grid bi-
directionally, and independently control both
reactive power and real power.
Thank