Case Study: Petroleum

How to Search?
How to Drill?
How to Separate (Water & Salt?)
How to Improve Product?
Distillation
Distillation (Cont.)
Which Fraction to Make?
 Catalytic Reforming

Feed : Naphta + Gasoline fraction

Temp : 500 oC
Reaction : Endothermic
Catalyst : Platinum (Pt) metal on an alumina (Al2O3) base
 Alkylation

Feed : Kerosene + Diesel fraction

Temp : 1-40 oC
Reaction : Endothermic
Catalyst : sulfuric acid, H2SO4 or hydrofluoric acid, HF
 Catalytic Cracking

Feed : Heavy Fuel fraction

Temp : 600-700 oC
Reaction : Endothermic
Catalyst : Silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3)
 Hydroprocessing

Feed : Residual fraction

Process : Hydrotreating & Hydrocracking
Temp : 325 oC, Pressure: 50 atm / 350 oC, Pressure: 200 atm
Reaction : Endothermic
Catalyst : nickel, palladium, platinum, cobalt, and iron
How does it relate to Our
Curriculum
 Semester 1 Semester 2 Semester 3 Semester 4 Semester 5 Semester 6 Semester 7 Semester 8

Basic social/
natural science
Nationalism Program Dasar
Struktur Kurikulum
State Ideology Pendidikan Tinggi PSTK-UI 2004
Indonesian lang. (12 sks) ENGINEERING
DESIGN
Sport/Art (8 sks)
English language
Religion ENGINEERING BASIC Process
(44 sks) Equipment
Design
Calculus Linear Algebra Matematika Lanjut Numerical Method Statistics
Basic Computer Chemical Plant CAPSTONE
Basic Chemistry Physics~ Analytical
Electrics,Magnetism Chemistry Lab. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING BASIC & Product Design COURSES
Basic Chemistry Physics~ Wave &Optics (44 sks) (6 sks)
Laboratory Mechanics, Heat and Laboratory Organic
and Laboratory Chemistry Lab
Applied Math. and
Physical Modelling
Physical Chemistry Lab. Chemical Process On the Job
Chemistry 1 Chemical Process Simulation Final Project
Analytical Control Training
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry I Engineering
Physical Material Science Reaction Eng. Economics
Chemistry 2 and Corrosion Chemical
Organic Mass Transfer Unit Operation
Thermodynamics
Chemistry 2 Unit Operation Laboratory 2
McGraw-Hill International Edition, 1990 Laboratory 1
Fluid Mechanics

Heat Transfer Research Methodology Selected Topics

Intro to Chemical Transport Seminar
Engineering Phenomena
Material and OPTIONAL
Energy Balances Health & Safety
(12 sks)
SUPPORT
(18sks) Material Composite Petroleum Selected Topic1
Processing
Environmental Applied Thermo
Communication Industrial Law Gas Processing Selected Topic 2
Skills Science and Order
Thermo Properties Combustion Eng.
Engineering Project of Hydrocarbon
Drawing Management Sistem Dinamik Sustainable Energy
Fotocatalysis
Lubrication Eng.
Cryogenics Process System
Synthesis and Analysis
Bioprocess Eng.
Plant Maintenance

Heterogenous Petrochemical
Catalysis Process
Pollution
Prevention Risk Management
Jumlah sks per semester Plasma and Ozon sks
Polymer
Engineering total
MK Wajib 19 19 21 21 20 14 12 6 132
MK Pilihan (0 (0 (0 (0 (0 (6 (6 (0 (12
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
Bagaimana Dengan:

Proses Control ?
Waste Treatment ?
Other related Topics
 PROSES PEMURNIAN GAS

DOE Seq-II, 3/6/03

Chemical Unit
Operations
Lecture -4

Widodo W. Purwanto

Departemen Teknik Kimia

Universitas Indonesia
Course Content

What is unit operation

Description of unit process
Flowsheeting of Chemical Plant
What is Unit Operations (1)
Chemical unit operations is the basics
for any newly graduated chemical
engineer, this is the first step to
understand the chemical engineering.
Basically this is consist of the Heat
transfer, Mass transfer, Momentum
transfer and reactors
What is Unit Operations (2)

A unit operation is any part of potentially multiple-step

process which can be considered to have a single
function.

Examples of unit operations include:

Separation Processes
Purification Processes
Mixing Processes
Reaction Processes
Power Generation Processes
Heat Exchangers
Transport processes
 Chemical State
Rates
Phase (L,S,G, G-L, G-S, L-S, L-L, G-L-S)
T&P

Process and Equipments

Chemical Reaction Reactors
Separations/Phase Separators
separation
Movers Compressors, Pumps, Turbine, Expander, Valves
Heat exchange Heat Exchangers, Process Heaters
Mixing and splitting Mixers, Splitters
Separations
Distillation
- Relative volatility a greater than 1.2
- Product thermally stable
- Rate greater than 5,000-10,000 lbs/day
- No corrosion, precipitation or explosion problems

Azeotropic/Extractive Distillation Extraction

-Systems normally contain azeotropes - Solvent selectivity greater than for
in solvent greater than for distillation distillation and greater than 1.5-2.0
-Solvent thermally stable and easily regenerable - Solvent selective for low-concentration
-Solvent commercially available (at a component
reasonable cost) - Energy costs high
- Easy solvent recovery

Adsorption Membranes
- Adsorbent selectivity greater than 2 for - Membrane selectivity greater than 10 (except for
bulk separations and greater than 10-100 air separation)
for purifications - Bulk separation, clean air/water projects
- High percentage solute removal and some trace removal
- Acceptable delta loadings - Acceptable fluxes
- Adsorbent not susceptible to rapid fouling - Membrane chemically stable
- Bed(s) easily regenerable - Membrane not susceptible to rapid fouling
- Clean air/water projects
- Low to moderate feed rates
 Assignment IV
Shortpresentation - unit
operation/student group
Content: what is?, brief description and
photo
Thank You