Subsistema

Interno
Juliana Carmona
Esteban Cano
 Fundamental Components of
Computer
The CPU (ALU, Control Unit, Registers)
The Memory Subsystem (Stored Data)
The I/O subsystem (I/O devices)
Data Bus
Actual data is transferred via the data bus.
When the cpu sends an address to memory, the memory
will send data via the data bus in return to the cpu.
Address bus
CPU reads/writes data from the memory by addressing a
unique location; outputs the location of the data (aka address)
on the address buss; memory uses this address to access the
proper data
Each I/O device (such as monitor, keypad, etc) has a unique
address as well (or a range of addresses); when accessing a I/O
device, CPU places its address on the address bus. Each device
will detect if it is its own address and act accordingly
Devices always receive data from the CPU; CPU never reads
the address buss (it is never addressed)
Control Bus
Collection of individual control signals.
Whether the cpu will read or write data.
CPU is accessing memory or an I/O device
Memory or I/O is ready to transfer data
I/O Bus or Local Bus
In todays computers the the I/O controller will have an
extra bus called the I/O bus.
The I/O bus will be used to access all other I/O devices
connected to the system.
Example: PCI bus
Register Section
Includes collection of registers and a bus.
Processors instruction set architecture are found in this
section.
Non accessible registers by the programmer. These are
to be used for registers to latch the address being
accessed and a temp storage register.
Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)
Performs most Arithmetic and logical operations.
Retrieves and stores its information with the register
section of the CPU.
MEMORIA
Es el dispositivo que retiene,
memoriza o almacenadatos
informticos durante algn
perodo de tiempo.
 MEMORIA PRINCIPAL
Es la memoria de lacomputadoradonde se
almacenan temporalmente tanto los datos
como los programas que launidad central de
procesamiento est procesando o va a
procesar en un determinado momento.
 MEMORIA SECUNDARIA

Es el conjunto de dispositivos y soportes de

almacenamiento de datos que conforman el
subsistema dememoriade
lacomputadora, junto con lamemoria
primaria o principal.
 REGISTRO (hardware)
Es una memoria de alta velocidad y poca capacidad, integrada en
elmicroprocesador, que permite guardar transitoriamente y acceder a valores
muy usados, generalmente en operaciones matemticas.
 CACHE
La memoriacaches lamemoriade acceso rpido de
unmicroprocesador, que guarda temporalmente los datos
recientemente procesados (informacin).
Ejemplo
https://courses.cs.vt.edu/csonline/MachineArchitecture/L
essons/CPU/