Insulin Diabetes
Interferon Cancer
Interleukin Cancer
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate
Phytoene synthase
Phytoene
Problem: Phytoene desaturase
Rice lacks
these enzymes -carotene desaturase
Lycopene
Lycopene-beta-cyclase
Normal
Vitamin A -carotene
Deficient (vitamin A precursor)
Rice
The Golden Rice Solution
-Carotene Pathway Genes Added
IPP
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate
Phytoene
Vitamin A
Phytoene desaturase
Pathway Single bacterial gene;
is complete performs both functions
and functional -carotene desaturase
Lycopene
Daffodil gene Lycopene-beta-cyclase
Golden -carotene
Rice (vitamin A precursor)
Introducing the Gene
or
Developing Transgenics
Steps
Contains
1. Gene of interest
The coding region and its controlling elements
2. Selectable marker
Distinguishes transformed/untransformed plants
3. Insertion sequences
Aids Agrobacterium insertion
Transformation Steps
Introduce DNA
Agrobacterium or gene gun
Agrobacterium
Tissue culture
Gene Gun required to generate
transgenic plants
The Lab Steps
The Next Test Is The Field
Herbicide Resistance
Non-transgenics
Transgenics
Final Test of the Transgenic
Consumer Acceptance
Before After