PSYCHOLOGY
Foot-in-Door example:
sales person getting you to try a sample
Enables behaviour to escalate a trivial act makes the next act easier. Succumb to a temptation and you
will find the next temptation harder to resist.
ROLE PLAYING AFFECTS
ATTITUDES
The Stanford Prison Experiment was an
attempt to investigate the psychological
effects of perceived power, focusing on
the struggle between prisoners and
prison guards
After a day or 2 the volunteers played
their roles and the simulation became
too real
guards developed attitudes and
devised cruel and degrading routines
Prisoners broke down, rebelled,
reigned causing Zimbardo (psychologist)
to end study after 6 days
SOCIAL THINKING
Group Influence
Social Facilitation- improved performance of tasks in the presence of
others; occurs with simple or well learned tasks, but not yet with tasks
which are difficult or not yet mastered.
Note: What you do well, you are likely to do even better when in front
of an audience, especially a friendly audience; what you normally find
difficult will be harder to do in front of an audience.
*When people observe us, we become aroused. This arousal
strengthens the most likely response within us
SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Group Influence
Social Loafing - the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort
when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when
individually accountable.
Group Influence
Group think- the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for
harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of
alternatives.
GROUPTHINK EXAMPLE:
President Kennedy had a plan to invade Cuba
with 1400 CIA- trained Cuban exiles, when the
invaders were captured and soon linked to the
US govt, Kennedy wondered how they couldve
been that stupid
To find out Janis (1982) studied the decision-
making procedures and discovered that advisors
had undue confidence in the Presidents plan and
so to preserve the good group feeling, any
dissenting views were suppressed or self-
censored, especially after Kennedy expressed
enthusiasm for the scheme.
SOCIAL RELATIONS
Prejudice- Prejudgment
-Scapegoat Theory-the
theory that prejudice
offers an outlet for anger
by providing someone to
blame usually those in
the out group
AGGRESSION
Aggression
Just-World Phenomenon- the tendency of people to believe the
world is just and that people therefore deserve what they get and get what
they deserve
Frustration Aggression
Principle- the principle
that frustration-the
blocking of an attempt to
achieve some goal-
creates anger, which can
In Canada and the United
States alone ,since 1978,
generate aggression.
some three dozen deaths
have been caused by
shaken machines falling
down and crushing
frustrated people.
SOCIAL TRAP
an expectation about a
subject, such as a person
or event, can affect our
behavior towards that
subject, which causes
the expectation to be
realized.
ATTRACTIVENESS
Romantic Love
Passionate Love- An aroused state
of intense positive absorption in
another, usually present at the
beginning of a love relationship.
Peacemaking- Cooperation,
communication and conciliation
Superordinate Goals- shared goals that
override differences among people and
require their cooperation.
--> Cooperative contact not just mere
contact
GRIT