Learning- Loo hol s p e

PARAMJIT SHARMA
 Focus
What is learning ?
Learning-Defined
Learning Assumptions
Learning Process
Learning Types
Learning Domains
Learning Theories
What Mgt. Students Need to Learn?

What Prevents Learning- loopholes?

How to Plug the Loopholes?

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What is learning ?

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 Learning Defined ?

The Cognitive process of acquiring

knowledge & Skill

‘child acquisition of language’

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 Learning in a black box

INPUTS OUTCOMES

INPUTS Learning OUTCOMES

So what’s happening inside the box?

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 Learning Assumptions

Ability to learn remains unimpaired

Aging process-adjustments in Learning

Learning is an Internal Process

Learning is Construction

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 Learning Process

INVOVEMENT- Learner’s

ACCOUNTABILITY- learner’s

FEEDBACK- learners

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 Learning Process

INVOLVEMENT- Learner’s Motivation

Orientation
ACCOUNTABILITY- learner’s Internalization
Externalization
FEEDBACK- learners Evaluation
Control

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 Learning Types

Educational Objectives

Increasing
Knowledge complexity
Comprehension From
Application Lower Order
Analysis Of Learning
Synthesis to Higher level
Evaluation Learning

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 Learning Types

Surface Level
Deep Level

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 Learning Types

Lower Level Learning Higher Level Learning

Surface-Level Deep-Level
Expansive

Processing the Information

Processing Of Information

Learner Tries to Reproduce Learner Tries to

Information Comprehend & Search
Information

Learning by rote Learning By Assimilating

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 Learning Types

Third Order
 Expansive

Second Order
Trial & Error
Investigative

First Order
Conditioning
Imitation

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Conditioning: Pavlov’s Dog

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 Learning Domains ?

COGNITIVE

Psychomotor

AFFECTIVE

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 Learning Domains ?

Knowledge or mind based

COGNITIVE
Concepts
Management
Procedures Fact- define, identify, list

Understanding- describe
Compare & contrast

Application- explain, apply

& analyze

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 Learning Domains ?

Skill based
Psychomotor
Aviation
Computers
Driving Imitation-demonstration

Practice-proficiency level

Habit-perform

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 Learning Domains ?

Behaviour

AFFECTIVE

Perception Display
Decision Making
Safe Driving Exhibit

Accept

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 Learning Theories

Andragogy
J Knowles

ATI SLT SIT

Cronbach
J Scandura Engestrom
& Snow

ACT CAL AHL

KP Cross
J Anderson PARAMJIT SHARMA L Landa
 What is andragogy?...Malcolm Knowles

Andragogy is the art and science of helping Adults to

Learn
.

Readiness
Self To
Experience
Concept Learn

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What Mgt. Students Need To Learn?

How to Make an
effective
Presentation?

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What Mgt. Students Need To Learn?

How to prepare a Project ?

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What Mgt. Students Need To Learn?

How to score good marks ?

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What Mgt. Students Need To Learn?

How to ask Questions in the class?

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What Mgt. Students Need To Learn?

How to Get Summers/Final Placement ?

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What Mgt. Students Need To Learn?

How to be Good in The Interview ?

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What Mgt. Students Need To Learn?

How To be effective in Group Discussion?

How to have Good Conduct in the Class
Room?
How to Utilize the time available?
How to prepare Class/final Notes?
How to write Exams ?
How to market yourself?

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What Mgt. Students Need To Learn?

How to market yourself?

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What Prevents Learning-

loo hol s?
p e

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What Prevents Learning-

Facilitation
Motivation
Visuals
Curriculum
Classroom

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Facilitation Failure- presentation

Not thoroughly prepared

Too much talking/listening, not enough asking
Playing with Chalk/Pen……..
Using inappropriate Humour
Promising to close not closing
Failing to get the Group’s attention
Long hours of Sessions/presentation
Reading From Hand outs
Reading Visuals
Ignoring Difficult Audience
Speaking to fast, too slow, loud
Presenting During Distractions
Creating Distractions

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 Visual Aids Atrocities

Using Visuals too Traditionally& Predictably

Too many PP in a Presentation

All words in PPT and no Pictures

Not Enough Space for Notes in Handouts

Boring Hand Outs, No Colour, motivation

Visuals Difficult to read ( type size, distance, colour

Visuals not matching participant’s expectations

Not Checking instruments/supplies before session

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 Colour Has Impact

Accelerates learning retention & recall by 55% to 78%

Improves comprehension by 73%

Increase willingness to read up by 80%

Sells ideas & products effectively by 50 to 80%

•Wharton school of Business & the University of Minnesota

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 Curriculum Ch os a

Giving no feed back to the institutions

Repetition of topics in many subjects

Too many subjects in a trimester

Focus on knowledge than skill

Hesitate presentations

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 Class room Clutters

Getting late- leaving late

Silence & Noise

Communication-one way @two way

Reinforcement- immediate, late or never

Attention or distraction or Switch off

Whose loss is this ?

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 Difficult Behaviour

RAMBLING
SYNESS OR SILENCE
TALKATIVENESS
SHARPSHOOTING
HECKLING OR Arguing
GRANDSTANDING
OVERHOSTALITY
OR Resistance
GRIPING
SIDE CONVERSATION
No ATTENTION

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How to Plug the
loopholes?

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 How Students Learn— How we Teach
maintaining balance

Students Involvement in Learning

Feed back of Students
Lecture Method—70-90%
Curriculum Updating
E-Learning increasing
Classroom Questioning--.2 to 9% time
Attention Drift after 10-20 minutes
Listening, asking, answering, taking notes = half time
Fantasizing 15% time
Only 14% told how to study
Widespread Cheating in class room tests
Despite degree course-students could not use
RlyT table, Calculate prices, understand N Paper Articles

Source FPARAMJIT
Gardiner- ’Why we must Change’
SHARMA
 How Best We Can LEARN ?

10% of what we Read

20 %of what we hear
30% of what we See
50% of what we See & Hear
80% of what we Say
90% of what we say as we act

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 How We LEARN ?

I HEAR & FORGET

I SEE & REMEMBER

I DO AND UNDERSTAND

ONE PICTURE IS WORTH

1000 WORDS

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 10 Principles of Learning

We Learn to do by Doing

We Learn to do what we do and not something else

Without Readiness, Learning is inefficient

Without Motivation there could be no Learning at all

For effective Learning, responses must be immediately reinforced

Meaningful Contents better Learned ,longer Retained

For better learning, responses be learned, as likely to be used

One’s response will vary according to situation

Learning vary according to learning atmosphere

learning depends greatly upon behaviour

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Learning- loo ho s p le

time for
questions
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hope the loopholes
got plugged

PARAMJIT SHARMA