INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR

ENGINEERING (MENB403)
Topic 1.3 IAEA & Malaysian Nuclear Energy
Stakeholders

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INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
(IAEA)

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THE "ATOMS FOR PEACE" AGENCY

The IAEA is the world's center of cooperation in the nuclear

field. It was set up as the worlds "Atoms for Peace"
organization in 1957 within the United Nations family. The
Agency works with its Member States and multiple partners
worldwide to promote safe, secure and peaceful nuclear
technologies.
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HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC
ENERGY AGENCY ( IAEA)
The IAEA was proposed to set up by the US President. Dwight
Eisenhower in his famous speech, Atoms for Peace on 8
December 1953 and established in Vienna, Austria on 29 July 1957
when the Statute of the IAEA was in effect.

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 THE IAEA AT A GLANCE (1)

144 Member States

49 years of international service, since 1957

2307professional and support staff

67 agreements with intergovernmental

organizations and NGOs

Around 130 Coordinated Research Projects

(CRPs) performed annually

About 200 publications and newsletters

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issued annually
 THE IAEA AT A GLANCE (2)
262 million Euro regular budget for 2006,
supplemented by extra-budgetary
contributions in 2006 amount to 29 million
Euro.
$77.5 million Technical Cooperation Fund,
voluntary contribution in 2006 to supporting
T/C projects for 3041 expert and lecturer
assignment; 3229 meeting and workshop
participants; 2477 participants in training
courses; and 1697 fellows and visiting
scientists.
Offices :
Headquarter in Vienna; 2 liaison offices (in New York and
Geneva); and 2 safeguards regional offices (in Tokyo,
Japan and in Toronto, Canada).
237 safeguards agreements in force in 162
States (and with Taiwan, China), involving 8
about 2142 safeguards inspections performed
IAEA MANAGEMENT TEAM (1)

DIRECTOR GENERAL
Yukiya Amano

DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL

Janice Dunn Lee
Head, Department of Management

DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL

Daud Mohamad
Head, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications

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IAEA MANAGEMENT TEAM (2)
DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL
Kwaku Aning
Head, Department of Technical Cooperaton

DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL

Tero Varjoranta
Head, Department of Safeguards

DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL

Alexander Bychkov
Head, Department of Nuclear Energy

DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL

Denis Flory
Head, Department of Nuclear Safety and Security
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 DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR
ENERGY

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Department of Technical
Cooperation

DG

DDG-MT DDG-NA DDG-SG DDG-TC DDG-NE DDG-NS

Dir. Dir. Dir. Dir.

Africa (36) Asia (28) Europe (32) L.A. (21)

SH- SH- SH-

West Asia East Asia+ Pacific Exp. & Training

RCA
Coordinator
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 IAEA REGULAR PROGRAMS

Program Structure
Major Program (MP)
Program
Sub-Program
Projects
Activities
Result Based, Biennial Program
Objective
Performance Indicator
Outcome

Based on Medium Term Strategy (MTS) since

2001
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 THREE PILLARS
Promoting Sciences and Technology
Radioactive Isotopes (RI) applications in food, agriculture, water
Nuclear power / non-power
Nuclear fuel cycle
Nuclear knowledge management
Technical cooperation
Promoting Safety and Security
International safety conventions
International safety standards / guides
Radiation protection
Promoting Safeguards & Verification
Worlds nuclear inspectorate
Verification by inspectors
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 IAEA REPORTS & REVIEWS
Annual Report
Nuclear Safety Review
Safeguards Implementation Summary
Nuclear Technology Review
Technical Cooperation Report

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4. 1997 2009
Mohamed ElBaradei
(EGYPT)
5. 2009 - Present
Yukiya Amano
(JAPAN)

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EMPLOYEES & STAFF: STRENGTH
THROUGH DIVERSITY

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MAIN PLAYERS OF MALAYSIA
NPP
Tenaga Malaysia Berhad (TNB )
Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB)
Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuklear
Malaysia)
Malaysian Nuclear Power Corporation
(MNPC)

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BRIEF HISTORY OF MALAYSIA NPP (1)
1949: Establishment of CEB (later LLN, TNB)

1972: Establishment of CRANE (later PUSPATI,

MINT, Nuklear Malaysia)

1973 1980: 1st Attempt

Spearheaded by LLN
Aborted for PETRONASs discovery of abundant
gas reserve offshore Terengganu

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BRIEF HISTORY OF MALAYSIA NPP (2)

1981: Four-fuel diversification policy

Oil
Hydro
Natural gas
Coal

1981 - 1982: Construction of the ONLY nuclear

research reactor in Malaysia

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BRIEF HISTORY OF MALAYSIA NPP (3)

1985: Establishment of AELB

1984 1991: 2nd Attempt

Spearheaded by LLN and UTN-JPM
Aborted for Tun Dr Ms decision for nuclear as the
last energy option

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BRIEF HISTORY OF MALAYSIA NPP (3)

2000: Five-fuel diversification policy (all of

the above + 5% target of RE)

2001: Establishment of Suruhanjaya Tenaga

(EC)

2008 present: Third Attempt

Target COD @ 2021
PEMANDU identified Nuclear Energy as one of 12
Entry Point Projects (EPP) in 2020

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 TO HAVE NUCLEAR BY 2021, THE
GOVERNMENT MUST LAUNCH TODAY

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 If developed, nuclear would be cost competitive This requires for the government to start today
but it takes 10-11 years to build with the preparatory phase
Comparative cost of energy & CO2 emission indicator
Public Promote public
Levelised cost of energy, RM sen/kWh acceptance
education

Intl Sign/ratify
governance relevant treaties &
conventions
4/9/ 4/9/17 4/9/17 4/9/17 4/9/17
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Regulatory Put in place
context detailed
Fastest timeline supported by all stakeholders regulations
Months
Plant Site Acquire approval
Construction & Acquisition for plant sites
commissioning Obtain public
4/9/17 4/9/17 4/9/17 support in locality
4/9/17
2020 Total
Assumptions: General: WACC 7.6%, 1USD = RM3.2 new jobs:
Coal: CAPEX USD1530/kWe, plant efficiency 46%, coal cost 5 USD/mmbtu, O&M cost of 6.16USD/MWh, load factor 85%
Gas CCGT: CAPEX USD1000/KWe, plant efficiency 53%, gas price 8 USD/mmbtu, O&M cost of 5USD/MWh load factor 85% 2,600
Gas OCGT: CAPEX USD700/KWe, plant efficiency 30%, gas price 8 USD/mmbtu, O&M cost of 5USD/MWh load factor 15%
Solar centrally generated : CAPEX 2812USD/Kw O&M 1% of CAPEX, lifetime: 20 years, hours utilization 1,300/year 26
SOURCE: OGE lab; TNB data; IAEA data
 Atomic Energy Licensing Board

Nuclear Regulatory Authority

Ensuring Safety, Security & Safeguarding Peaceful

Nuclear Activities

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AELB HEADQUARTERS

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 AELB HQ AND BRANCHES

North Branch

East Branch

East Malaysia Branch

AELB HQ South Branch

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RADIATION AND NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES IN
MALAYSIA
Research Reactor
Irradiators
(Sterilization)
Industrial
Radiography
Radiation Gauges
Oil and Gas Industry
Mineral Processing
Education and
Research
Traders
Maintenance

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 Atomic Energy Licensing Board
Main Legal
GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK
Instruments Ministry of International
Trade & Industry
To provide for the (ST Controller)
regulation and control
of atomic energy
Atomic Energy technology & its trade. Minister of Science, Ministry of Science,
Licensing Act 1984 For the establishment Technology & Innovation Technology & Innovation
(Act 304) of standards on (Secretary General)
liability for nuclear
&
damage. AELB (Board)
Strategic Trade Act For matters connected
2010 [1 Chairman + 4 Members]
therewith or related
(Act 708) thereto.
Executive AELB Department
Secretary Director General

Nuclear Policy,
Policy, Code
Code &
&
Atomic Energy Installation Standards
Sub- Installation
Licensing Board Standing
standing Division Division
(AELB) was established Safety
Safety Safety
under Section 3 of the Committee Safety
Regulatory Body Committee
Committee Technical Support
Technical Licensing
Act 304.
& ST Relevant Ensuring safety, Division Division
Authority
security and
safeguarding peaceful
Administrative
Administrative Enforcement
Nuclear Activities.
Services Division Division

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ACT 304

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PROPOSED MODEL FOR NUCLEAR REGULATORY
GOVERNANCE
Non-proliferation
Existing Model New Model

1S Minister of Science,
Technology &
MOFA MITI
Innovation
Ministry of Science,
Safety Technology &
Innovation

Safety (Non Security & Strategic

Safety Medical
Safeguards
2S Trade
AELB (Board) delegated power)
(Medical) Control

1S AELB
1S (Department)
Executive Director
DG Health General
Secretary
3S
1S

Health & Non-health Licensees Licensees

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 KEY RATIONALE

The Board as a Single Regulatory

Authority for Safety (IAEA
requirements)

Powers on Safety of All Activities

Remain Within a Single Nuclear
Safety Authority to Avoid Conflicts of
Interest Where an Authority Self-
regulates its Activities (Violation of
IAEA requirements)

Clear Safety, Security, Safeguards And

Strategic Trade Control Implementation
by a Single Entity 34
 REGULATORY ACTIVITIES (2010-2021)
National and
International Nuclear
Legislation and
Regulations
Assessment Study
Assessment studies and
2010-2012
Implementation of Strategies and
Action Plan 2013-2021

2010 2012 2013 2015 2020 2021

(2010)
Endorsement o Consideration & implementation
f Nuclear Re Safeguards and Security
gulatory Stat (2009-2021): of international regulatory
ement Strengthening regulatory instruments
23 Nov 201
0 infrastructure for Safeguards
and Physical Protection of NM
45 international treaties, conventions and
New Atomic Energy Act
Strengthening Regulatory agreements (regulatory instruments) for
Competency (2010- consideration by a State
2021): Recruitment of staff,
certification
for inspectors & assessors,
Training Needs Analysis
Emergency Planning
(2011-2021):
Strengthening regulatory
infrastructure for Emergency
Preparedness & Response
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23 NOVEMBER 2010
B O A R D A P P R O VA L O F N U C L E A R R E G U L AT O RY
S TAT E M E N T

NUCLEAR REGULATORY STATEMENT

5 Principles
Effective Independence
Openness
Transparency
Efficiency
Reliability

6 Key Strategies
enhancement of an effective legal governmental framework for radiation and
nuclear safety, security and safeguards
effective co-operation and active participation at national and international
levels
enhancement of supervision mechanism towards licensees compliance to the
regulatory requirements
enhancement of effective arrangements for emergency preparedness and
response
Building capacity and capability of regulatory infrastructure and human capital.
Protection and assurance of the inalienable rights to develop nuclear
technology safely and securely for peaceful purposes in Malaysia and to foster
public confidence in peaceful uses of radiation and nuclear technology

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NUCLEAR REGULATORY STATEMENT:

An affirmation that the assurance of

nuclear safety, security and
safeguards is the highest priority of
the regulatory authority and that
such an important role is performed
dutifully to ensure nuclear safety,
security and safeguards to protect
the public and the environment.

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EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

The March 11, 2011Fukushima incident-

heightened public concern
National Radiological Emergency
Response Centre 24 hours daily
monitoring
An important role in public
communication and in handling
technical queries
Coordinates mitigation to ensure
impact of incident does not cause
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radiological risk to Malaysia.
 NATIONAL RADIATION ACCIDENT PLAN
Directive 20 of National Security Council
(Prime Ministers Department)
stipulates that in the event of any
radiological and nuclear
incident/accident:
AELB - lead agency
First Responders Royal Malaysian
Police, Fire & Rescue Department and
Medical Services Department.

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 AELB - NATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY
CENTRE
DATA SEAPORT
AELB HQ
TRANSMISSION TO
AELB HQ

AIRPORT

Will respond to the detection alarm and environmental

BORDERS
monitoring; preview and interpret data
Response team
Search, locate and identify material ERMS
Recover and remove material

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 EMERGENCY/MONITORING
EMERGENCY/MONITORING VEHICLES
VEHICLES

Search and identification monitors

Air/water monitoring and sampling
Communication systems

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 SECURING NUCLEAR
MATERIALS
In co-operation with international partners,
state and local governments and the private
sector
Installation of Radiation Portal Monitors (RPM)
at major ports- online monitoring system that
enables real data monitoring
Installation of radiation detection systems at
entry points
Establishment of AELB Nuclear Security Support
Centre (NSSC)

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 THE IAEA & MALAYSIA

Malaysia joined IAEA in 1969

Enforcing nuclear safeguards under
NPT
Malaysia signed Comprehensive
Safeguards Agreement in 1972
Signed Additional Protocol to the CSA
in November, 2005
Safety standards, security guidelines

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MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR AGENCY (1)
The establishment of Malaysian Nuclear
Agency (Nuclear Malaysia) was mooted
from idea of the then Malaysias Deputy
Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Ismail Dato
Abdul Rahman, that Malaysia should
play a role in the development of
nuclear science and technology for
peaceful purposes.
The Centre for Application of Nuclear
Energy (CRANE) was the entity to mark
the of Malaysias nuclear programme,
focussing on manpower development
for a nuclear power programme to
provide an option for energy source,
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following the worldwide oil crisis of the
MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR AGENCY (2)
The Cabinet officially approved the
establishment of the Tun Ismail Atomic
Research Centre (PUSPATI), under the
Ministry of Science, Technology and the
environment on 19 September 1972.
The era of nuclear research in Malaysia
began with the historic event signified
by the Reaktor TRIGA PUSPATI reaching
its first criticality on 28 June 1982.
The institute was name Malaysian
Institute for Nuclear Technology
Research (MINT) on 10 August 1994.
To reflect its vision, mission, objectives
and activities in the challenging world, 45
MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR AGENCY (3)

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MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR AGENCY
PUBLICATIONS

ANNUAL REPORT GENERAL REPORT JOURNAL

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 MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION

The government is studying the possibility of deploying

nuclear energy to meet future demand and diversify
the energy mix for Peninsular Malaysia.
To spearhead the initiative, the Malaysia Nuclear
Power Corporation has been formed to lead the
planning based on the current development timeline of
11 to 12 years, from pre-project to commissioning.
Dr Mohd Zamzam bin Jaafar has been appointed the
Chief Executive Officer of this newly established entity.

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 MALAYSIA NUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
ORGANIZATION (NEPIO) (1)

On 26th June 2009, the Government decided for nuclear energy to

be one of the fuel options for electricity generation in post 2020,
particularly for Peninsular Malaysia.
CABINET COMMITTEE ON ENERGY

NUCLEAR POWER DEVELOPMENT STEERING COMMITTEE

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology & Water

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

WORKING COMMITTEE WORKING COMMITTEE
Malaysia Nuclear Agency Tenaga Nasional Bhd. (TNB)

REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION

WORKING COMMITTEE
Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB)
& Energy Commission (EC)
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Source: Nuclear Malaysia - TNBR Report,
 MALAYSIA NEPIO (2)
Malaysia NEPIO Responsibilities

NUCLEAR POWER DEVELOPMENT

STEERING COMMITTEE

NUCLEAR POWER NUCLEAR POWER

PROGRAM WORKING PROJECT WORKING
COMMITTEE
Educational Program and COMMITTEE
Site Identification
Public Awareness Nuclear Fuel Procurement
Human Capital Development Planning
Technology Assessment Nuclear Power Plant
Conceptual Design (including
Project Management and Quality
REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT Assurance)
COORDINATION WORKING
Regulation COMMITTEE
and Licensing of Electricity
Generation
 Malaysia NEPIO (3) Malaysia Nuclear Power Corporation (MNPC)

Malaysia NEPIO Preparatory Activities

No. Preparatory Activities (2010-2012)

(i) Awareness and Capacity Building

(ii) Comprehensive Feasibility Study:

Feasibility
Public Acceptance
National Industry Preparedness
Technology Development Plan
National Human Capital Readiness
Determination of Nuclear Power Plant Location(s)

(ii) Dissemination of Public Information

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 IAEA
IAEAMILESTONE
MILESTONE
Nuclear power option
MILESTONE 1
Included within the national MILESTONE 2 MILESTONE 3
Ready to make a
Energy strategy Ready to invite bids Ready to commission and
knowledgeable commitment
for the first NPP Operate the first NPP
To a nuclear programme
Infrastructure development programme

Maintenance and continuous

Infrastructure improvement
PHASE 3

PHASE 2
Activities to implement
a first NPP
PHASE 1
Preparatory work for the
Construction of NPP after
A policy decision has
Consideration before a
been taken
Decision to launch a nuclear
power programme
is taken
1st NPP project

Pre-project Project decision making Construction Operation/decommissioning

Feasibility Study Bidding process Commissioning

?10-15 years

Source : IAEA TECDOC 1555 Managing the First Nuclear Power Plant Project.52
 NUCLEAR
NUCLEAR ROADMAP
ROADMAP FOR
FOR MALAYSIA
MALAYSIA
MILESTONE 0 MILESTONE 1 MILESTONE 3
Nuclear power is Ready to include MILESTONE 2
Ready to make Ready to
considered as a nuclear as realistic Ready to invite bids
commitment to a commission and
possible option national energy for the first NPP
nuclear operate first NPP
strategy option

PHASE 0 PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3

Infrastructure development programme

Maintenance and continuous

infrastructure improvement
Activities to
Preparatory
implement first
work for
NPP
construction
Consideration of a NPP after
s before a policy
decision to decision has
Readiness to been taken
launch nuclear
include
power
nuclear as a
program is
national
taken
energy
strategy
option

Pre- Pre- Project definition Constructio Op

policy project n s

Policy Investment Procurement Commissionin

decision feasibility process g
study

2009 2013
Investment 2016 2018 2025
analyses
NPP Project Timeline 5353
Source: TNB,Nuclear Roadmap For Malaysia, 2009
 NUCLEAR
NUCLEAR POWER
POWER WORKING
WORKING PLAN
PLAN
Nuclear Power Working Plan

Five step plan for the development of the

nuclear power option (based on recommendations
in the Energy Master Plan 2010-2030 Study by the Economic
Planning Unit)

Pre-Policy
Pre-Project
Construction of Unit
Project 1
Definition
Operation

Construction of Unit
2
2020 2027

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 PROPOSED SPV STRUCTURE

B (other
TNB Government Inc EPC
interested parties)
Investment

Equity
Equity

Investment

O&M PMC
SPV (Operator) Agreement SPV (Developer) Agreement PMC
Technical
Support

EPC Lenders TNB Authorities TNBF

Financing Power Purchase Licence &

EPC Agreement & Fuel Supply
Agreement Agreement Regulatory
Long Term Agreement
Requirement
Service
Agreement

Government
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Guarantee & Insurance
Thank You

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