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GSM Network

Architecture
ELET 6302
Motivation
Outline
Introduction and history.
GSM architecture.
Implementation.
Technology and standards.
Summary
Introduction
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

Anybody 500 million users (may 2001)


Anywhere 168 countries (may 2001)
Any media voice, messaging, data, multimedia

Source: Hillebrand, 1
GSM Architecture
Home Location Register Network
Management
BTS = Base Transceiver Station Center
AuC
AuC = Authentication Center
Equipment ID
OMC = Operation and Maintenance Center
PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network
ME = Mobile Equipment Visitor Location OMC
Register

Subscriber B
Identity ME T Mobile
S
Data
Module switching
communication
center network
Subscriber B Base station
Identity ME T

Module
S
controller

Subscriber B
Identity ME T PSTN
S
Module
Source: Stallings, 313
Source: Mehrotra, 27
GSM Architecture
MS Transmission BS Transmission
Band : 890 915 Band : 935 960
MHZ MHZ
45 MHz
Year Introduced 1990

Access method TDMA

Channel Bandwidth 200 kHz

Number of duplex 125


channels
Users per channel 8

Speech coding bit 13 kbps


rate
Data coding bit rate 12 kbps

Frame size 4.6 ms


SIM (Subscriber Identity Module)

Billions of Calls
Millions of Subscribers
Thousand of Different Types of Telephones
Hundreds of Countries
Dozens of Manufacturers. Administrative data
And only one Card: The SIM Security data
Subscriber data
Roaming data
PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network

Source: Hillebrand, 369


http://ucables.com/products/simcards/
Implementation
Receiver
>Channel Decoding
Voice decoding >De-Interleaving Deciphering Demodulation
>Re-formatting

>Channel encoding
>Interleaving
Voice encoding Ciphering Modulation Amplifier
>Burst generation

Transmitter
Central processor, clock and tone, internal bus system, keyboard
(HMI)

SIM = Subscriber Identity Module

Source: Heine, 14
Implementation

Slow frequency
HF Transmitter

Transmission
Output filter TRX Abis-
(HF-TX) Interface

system
hopping
Digital signal
HF Receiver processing (NF
Input filter (HF-RX) functionality)

O&M Module Operation and maintenance functionality/clock distribution

Block Diagram of a BTS with one TRX

Source: Heine, 20
GSM Variants
Variant Uplink Downlink Total Duplex- Channels
(MHz) (MHz) Bandwidth frequency
GSM-400 451-458 and 461-468 and Twice 14 MHz 10 MHz Twice 72
479-486 489-496

GSM-900 890-915 935-960 Twice 25 MHz 45 MHz Twice 124


(primary
band)
Extended 880-915 925-960 Twice 35 MHz 45 MHz Twice 174
GSM-900
GSM-R 876-880 921-925 Twice 4 MHz 45 MHz Twice 19
DCS-1800 1,710-1,785 1,805-1,880 Twice 75 MHz 95 MHz Twice 373
PCS-1900 1,850-1,910 1,930-1,990 Twice 60 MHz 80 MHz Twice 300

Source: Bekkers, 299


Summary
Network architecture
Implementation
Voice application
Data application
References
Bekkers, Rudi. Mobile Communications Standards: GSM, UMTS, TETRA, and
ERMES. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 2001.

Halonen, Romero, and Melero. GSM, GPRS, and EDGE Performance:


Evolution Towards 3G/UMTS. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2003.

Hillebrand, Friedhelm. GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile


Communications. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2002.

Heine, Gunnar. GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology, and Implementation.


Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 1999.

Mehrotra, Asha. GSM System Engineering. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc.,
1997.

Harte, Levine, and Livingston. GSM Superphones. United States: APDG


Publishing, Inc. A Division of McGraw-Hill, 1999.

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