MEDICAL

MANAGEMENT
 DIET
Dietary control with caloric restriction of
CHO and saturated fats to maintain ideal
body weight.
Weight reduction
 EXERCISE
Regularly scheduled, moderate exercise
performed at least 3o minutes most days
of the week promotes:
a. Utilization of CHO
b. Assists weight control
c. Enhances the action of insulin
d. Improves cardiovascular fitness
 MEDICATION
Oral antidiabetic agents for patients for patients
with Type 2 DM who do not achieve glucose
control with diet and exercise.
Mechanism:
a. Stimulation of insulin secretion from functioning
beta cells
b. Reduction of hepatic glucose production
c. Enhancement of peripheral sensitivity to insulin
d. Reduced absorption of CHO in the intestines
 MEDICATIONS
Insulin therapy for patients with Type 1 DM
who require replacement.
a. Hypoglycemia may result as well as
rebound hyperglycemia (Somogyi effect)
b. Commonly results in increased appetite
and weight gain
 GENERAL HEALTH
The American Diabetes Association (2003)
recommends the following goals of
treatment:
a. Glycemic control
HbA1c <7%
Preprandial glucose 90-130 mg/dl
Peak Postprandial glucose <180 mg/dl
 GENERAL HEALTH
b. BP < 130/80 mmhg
c. Lipid control
LDL <100 mg/dl
HDL >40 mg/dl
Triglycerides <150 mg/dl
d. Microalbumin (spot urine) <30 mcg/mg
creatinine