clinicaloptions.com/oncology
Lung Cancer
CCO Independent Conference Coverage
of the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting*
This
This program
program is
is supported
supported by
by educational grants from
an educational grant from
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Disclaimer
The materials published on the Clinical Care Options Web site reflect the views of the authors of the
CCO material, not those of Clinical Care Options, LLC, the CME providers, or the companies providing
educational grants. The materials may discuss uses and dosages for therapeutic products that have not
been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. A qualified healthcare professional
should be consulted before using any therapeutic product discussed. Readers should verify all information
and data before treating patients or using any therapies described in these materials.
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Faculty
David R. Gandara, MD
Professor of Clinical Medicine
UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center
Sacramento, California
Heather Wakelee, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Oncology
Department of Medicine/Oncology
Stanford University
Stanford, California
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Disclosures
David R. Gandara, MD, has disclosed that he has received
funds for research support from Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
Eli Lilly and Company, Genentech, ImClone, Merck, Novartis,
and Pfizer; and has received consulting fees from Amgen,
AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, ImClone, Merck,
Novartis, Pfizer, Response Genetics, Sanofi-Aventis, and
Syntia.
Heather Wakelee, MD, has disclosed that she has received
consulting fees from Gilead Sciences and funds for research
support from Agennix, Arqule, AstraZeneca, Celgene, Clovis,
Eli Lilly and Company, Exelixis, Genentech, Merck, Novartis,
Pfizer, and Regeneron.
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Overview
Local-Regional NSCLC Targeted Therapy
Phase III RTOG 0617: 74 Gy vs 60 Phase III LUME Lung 1: docetaxel
Gy RT nintedanib in advanced/metastatic
Phase III START: tecemotide (L- NSCLC
BLP25) vs placebo
Phase II GALAXY-1: docetaxel
Chemotherapy and EGFR TKIs in ganetespib in adenocarcinoma
Advanced NSCLC
Phase I study of nivolumab (antiPD-
Phase III PRONOUNCE: Pem/Carbo
L1 antibody) monotherapy in NSCLC
Pem vs Pac/Carbo Bev
Phase III PROSE: serum protein test Phase IA study of MPDL3280A (anti
in predicting survival for patients on PD-L1 antibody) in solid tumors
second-line erlotinib vs chemotherapy
Phase I study of LDK378 in advanced
Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung ALK+ NSCLC
Cancer
Phase II study of dabrafenib (BRAF
Phase II CALGB 30504: chemo V600E kinase inhibitor) in stage IV
maintenance sunitinib NSCLC
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Local-Regional NSCLC
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Standard-Dose RT +
concurrent CT* Consolidation CT*
(n = 125)
High-Dose RT +
concurrent CT* Consolidation CT*
(n = 121)
Patients with newly
diagnosed, unresectable Standard-Dose RT +
stage IIIA/IIIB NSCLC concurrent CT* + Consolidation CT* +
(N = 464) Cetuximab Cetuximab
(n = 108)
High-Dose RT+
concurrent CT* + Consolidation CT* +
Cetuximab Cetuximab
(n = 110)
*CT consisted of carboplatin/paclitaxel.
400 mg/m2 loading dose on Day 1, followed by weekly dose of 250 mg/m 2
Primary endpoint: OS
Bradley JD, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 7501. Used with permission.
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Bradley JD, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 7501. Used with permission.
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Summary
High-dose RT (74 Gy) associated with higher risk of death,
locoregional recurrence, and incidence of fatal AEs vs low-
dose RT (60 Gy) when administered with concurrent CT in
patients with newly diagnosed, unresectable stage III
NSCLC
Analysis of the addition of cetuximab to high- and low-
dose RT with concurrent CT is ongoing
Bradley JD, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 7501. Used with permission.
Lung Cancer
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Tecemotide (L-BLP25):
Novel Lipopeptide Cancer Vaccine
MUC1 mucin
G S T AP P AH G V T S AP D T R P AP
S T A P P A H G V T S A P D T R P A P G S T A P P - Lys (PAL) G
1 dose of cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m 2 or saline given 3 days prior to first tecemotide or placebo dose,
respectively.
Butts CA, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 7500. Used with permission.
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60
Median follow-up, mos 39.9 37.7
50
40
30 L-BLP25
20 Placebo
60
50
40
30 L-BLP25
20 Placebo
START: Safety
AE, % Tecemotide Placebo
(n = 1024) (n = 477)
100
91.6 90.6
Most frequent AEs Tecemotide (n = 1024)
(> 10% in tecemotide arm) 90
Placebo (n = 477)
Cough 33.0 27.9 80
Dyspnea 23.2 23.5 70
Patients (%)
Fatigue 19.2 21.4 60
Back pain 14.3 11.1 50
Nausea 13.7 8.2 40 33.4 35.8
Chest pain 13.2 9.4 29.6 31.7
30
Nasopharyngitis 12.5 9.2
20
Headache 12.1 11.3
10 7.3
Decreased appetite 10.6 9.2
4.5
0
Arthralgia 10.5 7.1
Any AE Any Any Any AE
Influenzalike symptoms Grade Serious Leading
Any 38.2 33.1 3/4 AE AE to Death
Grade 3/4 1.5 1.7
Butts CA, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 7500. Used with permission.
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Summary
Study did not meet primary endpoint of significant
improvement in OS with use of tecemotide maintenance
Prespecified subgroup analysis identified significant
10.2-mo OS benefit with tecemotide in patients who
received concurrent initial chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Tecemotide therapy was well tolerated
AE incidence similar to placebo
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Log-rank P = 0.176
60
Pts (%)
40
20
0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
Mos
Pts at Risk, n
Pem + Cb 182 87 44 26 14 7 5 3 1 0
Pac + Cb + Bev 179 75 33 17 9 3 0 0 0 0
Zinner R, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract LBA8003. Used with permission.
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PRONOUNCE: OS (ITT)
100 Pem + Cb, median OS: 10.5 mos
Pac + Cb + Bev, median OS: 11.7 mos
80 HR: 1.07 (95% CI: 0.83-1.36;
log-rank P = .615)
Patients, %
20
0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42
Mos
Pts at Risk, n
Pem + Cb 182 156 125 102 72 48 33 20 11 11 5 5 5 5 5
Pac + Cb + Bev 179 151 121 96 73 59 38 28 10 3 1 1 0 0 0
Zinner R, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract LBA8003. Used with permission.
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Summary
Study failed to establish that first-line pemetrexed/
carboplatin superior to paclitaxel/carboplatin/bevacizumab
for PFS without grade 4 AEs
PFS, OS, and ORR similar between arms
AE profiles of each arm differed, but both tolerable
Pem + Cb arm with more anemia and thrombocytopenia
Pac + Cb + Bev arm with more neutropenia
No unexpected AEs in either arm
0.6
HR: 1.14 (95% CI: 0.88-1.49;
0.4 log-rank P = .313)
0.2
0
0 6 12 18 24
Pts at Risk, n Mos From Randomization
134 78 42 22 14
120 87 51 24 12
Third-line treatment at progression:
CT arm: 41% overall (48% Good and 27% Poor)
ERL arm: 52% overall (56% Good and 39% Poor)
HR: 1.06 (95% CI: 0.77-1.46; HR: 1.14 (95% CI: 0.88-1.49;
0.6 0.6
Survival
Survival
log-rank P = .714) log-rank P = .313)
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24
Pts at Risk, n Mos From Randomization Pts at Risk, n Mos From Randomization
96 68 40 21 14 38 10 2 1 0
88 66 42 19 11 41 21 9 5 1
ECOG PS and multivariate serum protein test classification are prognostic for outcome
independent of treatment
Summary
Classification of patients with a novel multivariate serum
protein test validated as providing useful information for
guiding treatment decisions in second-line NSCLC
Patients classified as poor (30% to 35%) attained better
survival with single-agent chemotherapy vs erlotinib
Patients classified as good (65% to 70%) attained similar
survival outcomes with either single-agent chemotherapy or
erlotinib
Extensive-Stage
Small-Cell Lung Cancer
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Sunitinib
37.5 mg/day,
Untreated ES SCLC; until progression
4-6 cycles of chemo; (n = 44)
SD, PR, CR;
PCI allowed
(n = 85)
0.4 Sunitinib
Placebo
0.2
0
0 3 6 9 12 15
Mos From Randomization
Ready NE, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 7506. Used with permission.
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0.4 Sunitinib
Placebo
0.2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Mos From Randomization
Ready NE, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 7506. Used with permission.
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60
50 46.5
40
30
19.5 19
20 14
10 7 5 7 7 5
2 2 0
0
All Fatigue Neutrophils Leukocytes Platelets Hyponatremia
Grade 4 toxicities: sunitinib, 1 case GI hemorrhage and 1 case pancreatitis; placebo, 1 case
platelets
Ready NE, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 7506. Used with permission.
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Summary
Trial met its primary endpoint of PFS, with an OS trend
Only 59% received maintenance
Maintenance sunitinib was safe and feasible?
46% grade 3/4 toxicity, 19% grade 3 fatigue
Biomarker analysis of blood samples is being planned
ALLIANCE will propose a phase III trial to confirm
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Targeted Therapies
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Characteristics of Nintedanib
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Mos
40 Nintedanib + docetaxel
Placebo + docetaxel
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
60 P value .0359
52.7%
Nintedanib + docetaxel
40 Placebo + docetaxel
44.7% 25.7%
20
19.1%
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Pts at Risk, n Mos
Nintedanib 322 302 263 230 203 180 163 149 131 113 96 87 72 59 46 36 25 22 10
Placebo 336 312 269 219 184 159 139 119 101 88 73 62 55 46 33 29 15 13 7
Reck M, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract LBA 8011. Used with
permission.
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Summary
Second-line combination therapy with nintedanib and
docetaxel significantly improved PFS vs docetaxel alone in
patients with NSCLC independent of disease histology
Addition of nintedanib to docetaxel also significantly
improved OS vs docetaxel in patients with
adenocarcinoma
Safety profile of nintedanib in combination with docetaxel
was manageable, with no unexpected safety signals
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Ganetespib
Biologic effects of several oncoproteins rely on chaperone
function of HSP-90
Ganetespib: highly potent second-generation inhibitor of HSP-90
Demonstrates activity in ALK-positive and/or BRAF-mutant NSCLC
Associated with lower rates of visual AEs (< 3%) compared with
other HSP-90 inhibitors (> 50%)
Combination therapy with ganetespib and docetaxel may yield
synergistic effects in NSCLC based on single-agent activity
profiles
Manageable safety profile as monotherapy and in combination with
docetaxel
Proia DA, et al. Invest New Drugs. 2012;30:2201-2209.
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*Combination arm could continue ganetespib monotherapy following completion of docetaxel treatment.
Ramalingam SS, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract CRA8007. Used with permission.
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G+D D
0.6 (n = 125) (n = 127)
Events, n 90 90
0.4 Median, mos 4.5 3.2
0.2
0
Pts at D 127 104 81 58 52 36 20 13 11 5 3 2 2 1 0
Risk, n G+D 125 104 88 73 67 51 24 19 13 9 5 5 3 0
0.6
0.4 G+D D
(n = 125) (n = 127)
Deaths, n 64 70
0.2
Median, mos 9.8 7.4
0
Pts at D 127 118 111 101 92 80 61 44 40 37 29 22 17 13 10 6 4 3 2 1 0
Risk, n G+D 125 119 111 105 98 92 80 61 46 35 29 24 20 16 10 8 6 4 2 1 0
0 5 10 15 20
Mos
Ramalingam SS, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract CRA8007. Used with permission.
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GALAXY-1: Safety
G + D, n (%) D, n (%)
(n = 123) (n = 125)
Any AE 120 (98) 114 (91)
Any AE grade 3 86 (70) 70 (56)
Treatment-related serious AE 21 (17) 9 (7)
Treatment discontinuation due to AE 8 (7) 6 (5)
AE Leading to hospitalization 32 (26) 23 (18)
Death on treatment* 15 (12) 14 (11)
Death, Treatment-related 0 1 (< 1)
Death due to cardiac events 1 (1) 2 (2)
*Within 30 days of last dose of study drug
AEs that occurred more often with addition of ganetespib: diarrhea, fatigue, nausea
and vomiting, anemia, dyspnea, and febrile neutropenia
Ramalingam SS, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract CRA8007. Used with permission.
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Summary
Second-line combination therapy with ganetespib and docetaxel
improved PFS and OS vs docetaxel alone in patients with lung
adenocarcinoma
Survival outcomes improved in patients diagnosed with advanced
disease for longer than 6 mos prior to study enrollment
No association between improved survival and EGFR or KRAS
mutations
Safety profile of ganetespib in combination with docetaxel
deemed manageable, with no unexpected safety signals
Ongoing phase III trial (GALAXY-2): ganetespib + docetaxel in
patients with adenocarcinoma diagnosed with advanced
disease for longer than 6 mos
T-cell polarization
PD-1
Treg TGF-
Tumor-associated cell
Immune cell PD-L1
fibroblast modulation of T cells PD-L2
M2 Th2
macrophage T cell T-cell receptor
Stromal PD-L1 PD-L2mediated MHC-1
modulation of T cells inhibition of TH2 T cells
IL-4/13 CD28
Can you generate
tumor-killing T cells?
Can the T cells
get to the tumor?
Can the T cells
see the tumor?
Can the T cells
be turned off?
Can the T cells
be turned off?
Shp-2
B7.1
Antigen priming T-cell trafficking Peptide-MHC Inhibitory cytokines PD-L1 expression
expression on tumor cells
Sznol M, et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19:1021-1034.
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Brahmer JR, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 8030. Used with permission.
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Brahmer JR, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 8030. Used with permission.
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Summary
In pts with heavily pretreated NSCLC (54% with 3 previous
therapies), nivolumab:
Produces durable responses
Demonstrates an encouraging survival profile
Can be used in an outpatient setting with manageable safety
Numerically higher ORRs noted at the 3- and 10-mg/kg nivolumab
doses relative to the 1-mg/kg dose
No new safety signals emerging, with all patients now with more than
1 yr and some up to 3 yrs of follow-up
Randomized, controlled phase 3 trials of nivolumab with prospective
OS endpoints are recruiting patients with NSCLC
Brahmer JR, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 8030. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT01642004. ClinicalTrials.gov.
NCT01673867.
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MHC TCR
T cell
PD-1
PD-L1
B7-1 T-cell
inhibition
Tumor
cell
growth
MHC TCR T cells
PD-1
PD-L1
X
X T-cell Tumor
B7-1 activated cell
+ Anti-PD-L1
death
Granzymes and perforin
Blocking PD-L1 restores T-cell activity, resulting in tumor regression in preclinical models
Binding to PD-L1 leaves PD-1/PD-L2 interaction intact and may enhance efficacy and safety
Herbst RS, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 3000. Used with permission.
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Overall population
(N = 140) 21 16 45
NSCLC
(n = 41) 22 12 46
Melanoma
(n = 38) 29 5 43
RCC
(n = 47) 13 32 53
CR
PR 60 50
Stable response
40 41
28
20 33
20
13
0
*CRR includes investigator-assessed unconfirmed PR/CR and confirmed PR/CR by RECIST 1.1
All Patients include PD-L1-positive, PD-L1-negative and patients with unknown tumor PD-L1 status
Patients first dosed at 1-20 mg/kg prior to August 1, 2012; data cutoff February 1, 2013.
Herbst RS, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 3000. Used with permission.
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Summary
MPDL3280A generally well tolerated
No grade 3-5 pneumonitis
Treatment-related grade 3/4 AEs: 13%
Immune-related grade 3/4 AEs: 2%
Broad activity with durable responses in nearly all
responding patients
PD-L1 expression may be associated with clinical benefit
Registration trials of MPDL3280A are planned
lified
ORR: 60%
Amp
M
Median PFS: 8-10 mos 19
6
ALK L 1
amp
Most patients with develop
resistance to crizotinib[4,5] ALK G1269A
ALK+ S1206Y
mut
Usually within 1-2 yrs G1202R
115
No ALK L11 1Tins
CNS relapses are common[6] amp or mut C1 52R
15
6Y
Mechanisms of resistance are Bypass tracks
diverse[4,5] EGFR MT
KRAS MT
ALK resistance mutations
Alternative signaling pathways
1. Camidge DR, et al. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:1011-1019. 2. Kim DW, et al. ESMO 2012. Abstract 1230PD. 3. Show AT, et al.
ESMO 2012. Abstract LBA1_PR. 3. Katayama R, et al. Sci Trans Med. 2012;4:120ra17. 4. Doebele RC, et al. Clin Cancer
Res. 2012;18:1472-1482. 5. Takeda M, et al. J Thorac Oncol. 2013; 8:654-657. Used with permission.
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21 day cycles
ALK+ lung cancer
Previous ALKi therapy
Additional ALK+ lung
N = 71 Nonlung
cancer
2 mos > 2 mos ALK+
enrolled naive to
tumors
after after ALKi
previous previous
ALK TKI ALK TKI
Shaw AT, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 8010. Used with permission.
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Summary
LDK378 demonstrated antitumor activity in ALK+ NSCLC
Both crizotinib-treated and crizotinib-naive patients
Tolerable safety profile with primarily grade 1/2 AEs
Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and fatigue
Breakthrough therapy designation by the FDA
Phase II and III studies recruiting patients
RTKs
Mode of Action SOS
SOS
P P
Grb2
Grb2
Dabrafenib SHC
P P PSHC
P
Reversible, small molecule
BRAF inhibitor RAS PI3K/AKT/
PI3K/AKT/
mTOR
ATP competitive BRAF
BRAF
mTOR
pathway
pathway
Molecular Activity V600
V600 BRAF CRAF
BRAF V600E: IC50 0.65 nM
BRAF WT: IC50 3.2 nM MEK
MEK
Selectivity
ERK1/2
ERK1/2
IC50 of 10-100 nM against
8 of 282 human kinases
Davies H, et al. Nature. 2002;417:949-954. Platz A, et al.
Mol Oncol. 2008;1:395-405. Karasarides M, et al.
Oncogene. 2004;23:6292-6298. Curtin JA, et al. N Engl J
Med. 2005;353:2135-2147. Flaherty K, et al. ASCO 2009.
Abstract 9000. Kefford R, et al. ASCO. 2010. Abstract 8503.
Proliferation,
Proliferation, growth,
growth, survival
survival
Used with permission.
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Stage IV NSCLC
BRAF V600E
Stage 1 Stage 2
mutation
(n = 20) (n = 20)
1 line previous tx
(N = 25)
Dabrafenib 150 mg twice daily
30
20
***
of Best Disease Assessment
10 ***
0
10 *
20 ** ** **
30
40 ** *
50 ** *
60 Best Confirmed Response Smoking History **
* **
70 PR * Nonsmoker
80 SD ** Smoker 40 pack-yrs ** *
90 PD *** Smoker > 40 pack-yrs
100
3 pts are not in the plot: 1 pt had PD on day 6 due to new lesion, target lesions were not assessed
postbaseline; and 2 pts discontinued study treatment due to serious adverse events prior to postbaseline
disease assessment.
Planchard D, et al. ASCO 2013. Abstract 8009. Used with permission.
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Summary
The BRAF inhibitor, dabrafenib, demonstrated clinical
activity in patients with NSCLC positive for BRAF V600E
mutation
Safety profile with dabrafenib was consistent with previous
studies in melanoma
Ongoing study has expanded sample size and now allows
enrollment of first-line patients
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