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Solar Power Generation Policies,

MNRE Initiatives,
Project Planning,
Installation
&
Commissioning Guidelines

By
E S S SASTRY
e.s.shastry@hotmail.com
+91 9441327466
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

The Government had launched Jawaharlal Nehru National


Solar Mission during 2010-11, a major initiative of the
Government of India and State Governments to promote
ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India's energy
security challenge.

A major contribution by India to the global effort to meet the


challenges of climate change.
Objective of the Programme
Promote grid connected SPV roof top installations in residential, community,
institutional, industrial and commercial establishments.

Mitigate the dependence on fossil fuel based electricity generation

Encourage replacement of diesel, wherever possible.

Create enabling environment for investment in solar energy sector by private


sector, state government and the individuals.

Create enabling environment for supply of solar power from rooftop and small
plants to the grid.

Encourage innovation, sustainable business models & employment.

Provide support to channel partners and potential beneficiaries, within the


framework conditions and in a flexible demand driven mode.

Support consultancy services, seminars, symposia, capacity building,


awareness campaigns, human resource development, etc.
New Budget for Solar Power in India
The ten year income tax holiday (section 80 IA) on solar projects
has been extended till March 2017

A total of INR 500 Crores is dedicated to the development of new


'ultra mega', GW-scale solar projects in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Ladakh.

Customs duty is waived on copper wire ribbons (used in modules),


back sheets and EVA sheets.

Customs duty on solar manufacturing equipment was reduced to


5%.

INR 400 Cr allocated for funding solar water pumps for agricultural
use.
Benefits for Solar Power plants
Solar plants can be categorized into 2 broad categories.

Grid Connected and Off-Grid plants.

Govt. support available for an Off-Grid plant is a Capital Subsidy of


15% on the project cost up to a maximum size of 500 KW.

Subsidy is not available for Grid Connected plants that engage in


sale of power either to the local DISCOM or a 3rd party.

However they can avail

10 years Tax Holiday Tax holiday can be availed for 10 years


during which time Minimum Alternate Tax is still applicable
(19.9305%) which can be offset against tax payable later.

Other State specific exemptions which vary from state to state.


General Information

The land required for a 1 MW power plant setup is


around 4.5-5 acres for crystalline technology and around
5.5-7 acres for Thin-Film technology. This is only a rough
benchmark and may vary based on technology and
efficiency of panels.

The useful life of a typical Solar Power plant is


considered to be 25 years. This is the duration for which
long-term PPAs are signed and financial models are
built. However, Solar Power plants can run beyond 25
years while producing a lower output.
Various Modes of Solar Power Plant
Off-Grid Captive Consumption for domestic premises
Off-Grid Captive Consumption for commercial
premises

Grid Connected (Net Metered) Captive Consumption


for domestic premises
Grid Connected (Net Metered) Captive Consumption
for commercial premises

Sale of Power generated to local Distribution


Company (DISCOM)
Sale of Power generated to 3rd Party consumer
(Industry or Commercial entity)
Cost of setting up a Rooftop Solar Power
plant
Rooftop Solar Power plants can be broadly
categorized intoBattery-basedandNon-
Batterybased systems.

The benchmark cost set by MNRE for these


systems areRs.100 per Wfor Non-Battery
based systems andRs.170-200 per Wfor
Battery-based systems with 6 hours back-up.
Amendment to Bench mark cost for off-grid Systems
Factors - Solar Power plant size

Wattage of appliances to be run on Solar

Days energy consumption from these


appliances

Energy Backup or Days of Autonomy


required

Roof space available for plant setup


Clearances
Industrial Clearance

Land conversion (Agricultural to Non-Agricultural)

Environmental Clearance Certificate from PCB

Environmental impact assessment

Contract Labour license from Labor Department

Fire Safety certificate from Fire Department

Latest tax receipt from the Municipal/Gram Panchayat for the factory land.

Auditor compliance certificate regarding fossil fuel utilization

Approval from Chief Electrical Inspector

Clearance from Forest department


Permissions
Land purchase

Power evacuation arrangement permission letter DISCOM

Confirmation of Metering Arrangement and location

Energy Meter type, Manufacture, Model, Serial No. details

Copy of PPA

Proposed Model and make of plant equipment

Details of Connectivity with DISCOM

Connectivity & Single Line Diagram of Plant

Any Pending court cases with Electricity Regulation Commission


Setup Costs and Power Sale Tariff
Total project cost per MW would be in the range of Rs.6.5 Crores-Rs.8 Crores depending
on the kind of technology you are using, whether or not the tracking system/s, Contractor
you choose.
Setup Costs and Power Sale Tariff
Total project cost per MW would be in the range of Rs.6.5 Crores-Rs.8 Crores depending
on the kind of technology you are using, whether or not the tracking system/s, Contractor
you choose.
Annual energy generated from a 1 MW Solar
Plant
The usual benchmark for energy generated from a 1 MW Solar Power
plant is considered as1.5 Million units.

The amount of actual energy generated from a Solar Power Plant in a


year depends on both internal and external factors.

External factors not in developers control

Number of sunny days


Solar Irradiation
Day Temperatures
Air Mass

Internal factors under developers control


Plant Location
Usage of Solar Tracking systems
Quality of equipment used
Workmanship of the EPC contractor
O&M activities
O & M Cost & sale price
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) benchmark
costs for O&M is Rs.12 lakhs/year/MW for 2013-14 with a 5%
increase every year. This varies from project to project based on
the number of people you employ for maintenance, frequency of
cleaning of panels, onsite-engineer availability etc.

In the case of sale of power to DISCOM, the prevailing Average


Pooled (Power) Purchase Cost (APPC) will be applicable.

In the case of sale of power to 3rd Party consumer, a mutually


agreed price can be agreed upon and accordingly a PPA can be
signed.

Several additional charges such as Wheeling Charges,


Distribution Charges, Open-Access Charges, Cross-Subsidy
Charges are applicable in the case of sale of power to 3rd party.
These charges vary from State-to-State and DISCOM-to-
DISCOM and even based on voltage levels.
CDM benefits
Power developer can claim CDM benefits (Carbon
Credits). However, it is to be noted that the current
trading prices of Carbon Credits or Certified Emission
Reductions (CERs) at the European ETS system is
less than 0.7 Euro which are pretty low compared to
the 15-20 Euro a few years back.

At these prices, getting a Solar project registered


under CDM mechanism does not make any sense as
the payback for the expenses in the process itself
takes several years. Unless the Solar Power Plant is
of size 10 MW or more it does not make financial
sense to go for Carbon Credits (CERs).
List of Requirements for Mega Watt Project
Selected Facilitys Soil Resistivity Report
Contour Map
Any issues / obstruction in the facility
Structure design
No of panels per structure
Inverter design String / Central
Panel layout
Cable layout
Earthing Pits layout
Earthing layout
Lightning layout
SJB Layout & SJB details
Facility Lighting layout
SLD drg
List of Requirements for Mega Watt Project
DC Cable design including voltage drop calculations & lengths
AC cable design including voltage drop calculations & lengths
DC Cable layout
Communication cable layout
Transformer & HT Structure layout
11 KV / 33 KV / 66 KV / 132 KV Switchgear details
11 KV / 33 KV / 66 KV / 132 KV Overhead layout & details
Internal road layout
Internal drain layout
Water quality for Panel cleaning
Inverter & Computer room layout
FDV & Air conditioning
Transformer tech specs
Level of SCADA
List of Requirements for Mega Watt Project
HT metering details with accuracy class and quantity at both ends
Selected Solar PV panel data sheet required.
Inverter technical specifications
Weather instruments location in the facility
Location of Pyranometer / Pyrheliometer & included in structure design
Distance between facility to nearest DISCOM substation
Fencing arrangement with gate
Inverter / SCADA room lighting & fans details
Emergency power total KW (LT grid power / Solar PV with battery)
Internet connection in SCADA room
CCTV
Emergency evacuation drg.
Fire prevention & response plan and to be displayed at the facility entrance
PV system schematic drg. and to be displayed at the facility entrance
System precautions during installation & commissioning

Ensure complete covering of the surface of all PV-arrays with opaque (dark)
material before wiring the connections, if the wiring is being planned to be
done during sunshine.
Ensure series parallel connection of PV Array as per design and verify the
open circuit voltage of the PV Array before connecting it to the system.
Ensure the correctness of the battery & array supply polarity.
Ensure that the batteries and the inverter are placed in a well-ventilated room,
as planned.
Ensure series parallel connection of the battery as per design and verify the
open circuit voltage of the battery before connecting it to the system.
Care should be taken while connecting the positive and negative terminals of
battery.
Ensure the phase sequence of AC Input supply.
Ensure proper earthing of all equipment. 23
System precautions during installation & commissioning
Ensure that the battery and the inverter are within 20 meters distance of each
other for enhanced battery management.
Ensure that Grid input, output, Array and Battery MCB / MCCB are in OFF
position.
Ensure that there is no contact with electrically active parts of the solar module,
battery terminals and inverter housing whether the system is connected or
disconnected.
Ensure to maintain regular housekeeping around the solar PV system.
Ensure that maintenance work is carried out on the system strictly under dry
conditions with dry panels and dry tools.
Ensure that cleaning of panels from dust is done only during no sun shine time.
Use a soft dry cloth for wiping. Use a proper brush to remove bird droppings.
Ensure to use proper safety equipment, insulated tools, insulating gloves, etc. for
maintenance and installation.
Ensure to remove wristwatches, rings, metal jewelry and any other loose material
like pens or metal objects from the pockets before working on any equipment. 24
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
Check List - Pre-commissioning
MAINTENANCE

Keep Battery Room temperature at about 25oC (+/-2) for better performance and Life cycle.

Daily Checks

Ensure ventilation and cleanliness surrounding the inverter and Battery System.

Fortnightly / Monthly Check List

Use only soft dry cloth after washing with water. Ensure cleaning only during no sun shine time early
morning or late evening.

Ensure no shading on the array surface during 8 AM to 4PM.

Half yearly Check List

Inspect the Power conditioning unit for indicator lights working condition.

Inspect battery terminal condition for wear and tear.

All electrical power connections for tightness.

Check battery inter cell connections for tightness.

Check status of corrosion on the battery terminals.

Battery test simulation by switching off input power to inverter to be done once in three months.

By the battery manufacturer to conduct at least one complete discharge cycle in that period.
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Verify the Input, Output, Battery cabling and its termination.
Yearly Check List

Check that all junction boxes are covered and that any seals are in place.

Verify that all bolts are secure, and that the mounting structure is well attached
to any foundation.

Inspect inverter. If necessary any dirt/dust deposits on the cooling fins of heat
sinks and guard doors should be carefully removed using an appropriate soft
brush or paintbrush.

Inspect system wiring for poor connections. Look for signs of excessive heating.

Inspect battery terminals for corrosion. Clean and apply anti-oxidant grease as
necessary.

Inspect any ventilation pathway or system for blockage. Make sure the battery
enclosure is well ventilated.

Open the inverter guard doors and check Power transformer cable connections.
Trouble Shooting
Problem Possible Cause Problem Solutions

Input voltage not coming up Input under voltage Check array & Battery voltage
Inverter Trip 1. Output overload 1. Check load condition
2. Output under voltage or over voltage
2. Press reset switch
3. Inverter over temp 3. Check if the fan is working or not
4. Battery low trip 4. Check array & battery voltage
5. Failure of inverter control board

Low battery backup 1. UPS overload 1. Check load condition

2. Battery deteriorate 2. Check battery status


3. Battery is not fully Charged 3. Do array cell maintenance
4. High ambient temp 4. Check grid supply

1. Check DIP switch position on control


Not feeding power to grid 1. Standalone mode card
2. Grid voltage or frequency abnormal 2. Check grid voltage & frequency
3. Battery is not fully charged 3. Check battery voltage

No battery charging from 1. Check DIP switch position on control


grid 1. Standalone mode card

2. Grid voltage or frequency abnormal 2. Check grid voltage & frequency


3. Battery is fully charged 3. Check battery voltage
DOS AND DONTS
DOS

Observe the instructions and safety precautions for all other components used in the
system, including wiring and cables, connectors, DC-breakers, mounting hardware,
inverters etc.

Keep children well away from the system while transporting and installing mechanical and
electrical components.

Maintain the PCU room dry, neat & clean and temperature around 25 Deg C.

Keep any object away from PV array that could damage modules.

In case of damaged modules or operational errors of the solar array, always contact our
technical team.

Keep flammable materials at a minimum distance of 30 cm between the active parts of the
electrical installation, such as connectors or other connection points.

Use appropriate safety equipment (insulated tools, insulating gloves, etc.) approved for
use on electrical installations.

If the system trips due to O/P under voltage /Over voltage/Overload /OT, system will auto
reset after the duration of 10 sec., press the RESET switch on front panel, before
restarting the system.

Follow definite sequence of starting the system, mentioned in the operating instructions in
this manual.
DONTS

Connect with reverse polarity on the DC side.

Remove any attached nameplates or components from the modules.

Disconnect under load.

Apply paint or adhesive to module top surface.

Pierce the aluminum frame, glass or the back protection surface of the module; these actions will
void the warranty.

Open the junction box of the photovoltaic module under any circumstances; besides the personal
safety risk, exposing the electrical parts of an active photovoltaic module may compromise the proper
functioning of the module.

Use mirrors or other magnifiers to artificially concentrate sunlight on the modules.

Allow objects to fall on the PV module.

Use cleaning agents to clean the PCU guard door or any electrical live parts.

Wear metallic rings, watchbands, ear, nose, or lip rings or other metallic devices while installing or
troubleshooting photovoltaic systems.

Tamper with presets or switches on any of the cards.


Thank You!

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