Introduction

to
ASP.NET

Yingcai Xiao
 Approach
Get the BIG picture before programming
Why? then How?
Principles and practices: know the concepts
and know how to design and implement an
application.
In the industry: design then coding
 What is a Computer?

From the Websters New World Dictionary:

1. A person who computes.
2. A device used for computing (an
electronic machine which by means of
stored instructions and information,
perform rapid, often complex calculations
or compiles, correlates, and selects data).
What is a program and what is programming?
Programs:
stored computer instructions for data
processing.

Programming
= Data Structures + Algorithms
Professor Donald E. Knuth
 What Types of Programs?
(1) Stand Alone:
MS PowerPoint
(2) Web/Internet-based:
(a) Client-side: client-side JavaScript
(b) Server Side:
ASP.NET, JSP, Web Services
3-Tir Enterprise Applications
(c) Both-sides: Apps
(3) Cloud: Applications on the Cloud. Everything is
on the Internet and the Internet is a huge computer.
Why? Code Reuse!
 Traditional Compilation/Linking (C/C++)

Source Code for Language 1 Source Code for Language 1

Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 1 Compiler on OS2

Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2

OS1 OS2
Common Binary Code?
 Java Intermediate Language: Java Bytecode

Java Source Code (.java)

Java Compiler (javac) on OS1 Java Compiler (javac) on OS2

Java Bytecode (.class)

Java Interpreter on OS1 (java) Java Interpreter on OS2 (java)

Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2

OS1 OS2
Program statements are interpreted one at a time during the run-time.
 JIT Compiler

An interpreter interprets intermediate code one

line at a time. Slow execution.
A JIT (Just-In-Time) Compiler compiles the
complete code all at once just into native binary
code before execution. Faster execution.
 JIT Complier: Java Bytecode Compiler

Java Source Code (.java)

Java Compiler (javac) on OS1 Java Compiler (javac) on OS2

Java Bytecode (.class)

Java JIT Compiler on OS1 Java JIT Compiler on OS2

Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2

OS1 OS2
All programming statements are compiled at compile time.
 OS-Independent Code:
Intermediate Languages

The trend to support OS-independent binary

code is to compile the source code into the binary
format of an intermediate language.
And to provide an interpreter for the
intermediate language on each OS to translate the
binary code of the intermediate language into the
native binary code of the OS.
 OS-Independent Compilation: Intermediate Language

Source Code for Language 1

Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 1 Compiler on OS2

Intermediate Binary Code

Intermediate Code Interpreter OS1 Intermediate Code Interpreter OS2

Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2

OS1 OS2
 MSIL: Microsoft Intermediate Language

Source Code for Language 1

Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 1 Compiler on OS2

MSIL Code

MSIL JIT Compiler on OS1 MSIL JIT Compiler on OS2

Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2

OS1 OS2

.NET OS-Platform-Independence
The Programming Language for .NET: C#
C#:
(0) C^+^2n; n = 0, 1, 2, => C, C++, C#
(1) The most advanced programming language to date
(3) OOP (Object-oriented Programming)
(4) EDP (Event Driven Programming)
(5) Dynamic type generation
(6) Platform-independent?: Code runs on any platform
with .NET runtime
(7) Visual Studio
A Common Language?
 .NET Common Language Runtime
To make .NET language independent, CLR (Common Language
Runtime) is defined as the runtime environment.
CLR defines CTS (Common Type System) which should be
followed by all languages to be used in the .NET framework.
Syntax: int, for, ..
Semantics: multiple inheritance is not allowed in CTS
The code that follows CTS standard is called managed code.
regular C++ supports multiple inheritance
managed C++ does not support multiple inheritance
 CLR: Common Language Runtime

Source Code for Language 1 Source Code for Language 2

Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 2 Compiler on OS2

MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code)

CLR on OS1 CLR on OS2

Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2

OS1 OS2

.NET Language-Independence
 .NET Architecture for Language and Platform Independence
(fan-in and fan-out on MSIL)

Source Code for Language 1 Source Code for Language 2

Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 2 Compiler on OS2

MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code)

CLR on OS1 CLR on OS2

Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2

OS1 OS2
CLI (Common Language Infrastructure)
CLR/CTS for Everyone?
 CLI : Common Language Infrastructure

A specification defines an environment for multiple

high-level languages to be used on different computer
platforms.
Created by Microsoft based on .NET, standardized by
MS, Intel, HP and others, ratified by ECMA and ISO.
.NET is an implementation of CLI for desktop systems.
.NET Compact Framework is an implementation of CLI
for portable devices.
Open Source implementations: Mono development
platform (Novell), Portable .NET (dotGNU)
 CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) Specification
Open Architecture for Language and Platform Independent Programming

Source Code for Language 1 Source Code for Language 2

Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 2 Compiler on OS2

CIL (Common Intermediate Language) Code

Confirming CTS (Common Type System)

CLR for OS1 CLR for OS2

Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2

OS1 OS2
Even though, CLI/CTS/CLR can make a program
written in any language to run on any platform, the
entire program (including all libraries used) has to be
on the platform before running.

Can we have part of a program on one computer and

another part of the same program on another
computer?

Distributed Computing. A program is divided into

multiple parts and different parts are distribute on
different computers.

e.g. virtual surgery.

Web Enabled & Distributed
.NET
 What is .NET?

.Net is a framework for developing OS-

platform-independent, programming-
language-independent, web-enabled,
distributed applications.
 .Net is Web-enabled and Distributed

To run distributed code on the web, we need a

standard way to register the code and a standard
way to access the code.
Registration:
UDDI Registry: Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration.
Access:
SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol
WSDL: Web Service Description Language
 .NET Architecture for Web-based Distributed Computing

Client 1 UDDI Registry 2

SOAP
Client 2 UDDI Registry 1

SOAP
Web Service 1 WSDL Interface 1

Web Service 2 WSDL Interface 2

WEB
 .NET Framework Composition

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework
 .NET Framework Compositions

Common Language Runtime (CLR ): provides

the runtime environment for MSIL code.
Framework Class Library (FCL) : provides
standard libraries for developing common .Net
applications.

.NET runtime environment comes with

Windows
.NET development environment comes with
Visual Studio
 .NET Application Types
Web Services Browser Local Other
Applications
Distributed Accessible Applications
(Mobile, )
Applications Remote (Windows
Applications Forms or
Console
(ASP.NET)
Applications)

.Net Framework Class Library

Common Language Runtime

OS
 .Net Framework Class Library
System

Windows Web Data Enterprise XML String,

Services
(Database) (Data
Description)
Forms UI Services
Connection
(GUI)
DataSet XmlDocument

Language Integrated Query,

Windows Presentation Foundation,
Windows Communication Foundation,
 .NET Enterprise Servers
Internet Information Services (IIS): web server
Commerce Server: e-commerce server
SQL Server: database server
Exchange Server: MS exchange services
Mobile Information Server: wireless server
Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server:
firewall, proxy,
BizTalk: B2B (Business-to-Business) server
 History: .Net & COM : Code Reuse
MFC: Microsoft Foundation Class, code reuse
within an application (process)
COM: Component Object Model, code reuse
across applications (processes)
DCOM: Distributed COM, code reuse across
systems
COM+: Internet-based Enterprise COM, code
reuse across the Internet
.NET: COM+ 2.0, all COM+ services are
available in .NET, even those not in managed
code, interoperable with COM-based applications
 Versions of .NET
.Net is evolving.
1.0: fundamentals
CLR, FCL
2.0: http://forums.asp.net/t/1115522.aspx
partial classes, profile object, ACL
3.0: http://forums.asp.net/t/1115522.aspx
WCF (Communication),
WWF (Workflow),
WPF (Presentation)
4.0: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/ms171868.aspx
DLR (dynamic language runtime)
improved security model
parallel processing (PLINQ)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework
 Latest .NET Framework
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/vstudio/aa496123
Current version: framework 4.5 (08/2012)
Framework 4.5 for Windows 8.
ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) support in 4.5
on Windows 8 in addition to x86
SIMD (single instruction, multiple data), multi
and many core processors (GPUs). Some support
through Direct3D. No support yet for SSE
(Streaming SIMD Extensions to x86)
A Common Language for the Internet
(free of compilation and translation)?
 A Common Language for the Internet
Tim Berners-Lee
ASCII text (ISO/IEC 8859-1) is platform-independent.
HTTP (Hyper Text Transport Protocol)
e.g.
GET wp.html
Assembly Language for the Internet
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
High-level language for the Internet)
hyper text: text that describes other text
tags: type definition of text in text
<title>WP</title>
all tags are predefined in HTML
only system defined types, no user defined types
Recognizable by all types of computers. (World Wide Web)
 A Common Language for the Internet
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
Allow user defined tags (types)

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)

Standards for defining objects for the Internet
Based on XML

WSDL (Web Service Description Language)

Standards for describing web services for the Internet
Based on XML
 Textbooks and References
Textbooks:

Programming Microsoft .NET, Jeff Prosise, Microsoft Press

http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Microsoft%C2%AE-NET-Core-reference/dp/0735613761
In Safari (free online read for UA students through VPN)
http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/programming/microsoft-dotnet/0735613761/firstchapter

Pro C# 2010 and .NET 4 Platform, Andrew Troelsen, Apress

http://www.amazon.com/2010-NET-Platform-Andrew-Troelsen/dp/1430225491/ref=pd_sim_b_3
In Safari (free online read for UA students through VPN)
http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/programming/csharp/9781430225492
 Textbooks and References
Reference Books:
Professional C# 4 and .NET 4, Christian Nagel, et. al., Wrox
Professional C#, Simon Robinson, et. al., Wrox
Microsoft .NET for Programmers, Fergal Grimes, Manning
Programming C#: Building .NET Applications with C#, Jesse Liberty, OReilly

For Beginners:
C# Concisely, Bishop & Horspool, Pearson / Addison Wesley
Beginning C# Objects from Concepts to Code, Barker and Palmer, Apress
Microsoft Visual C#.NET Step by Step, John Sharp, Microsoft Press
Visual C#2010, Deitel & Deitel
Understanding .NET, David Chappell, Pearson / Addison Wesley