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 Coordination
Coordination and
and
Subordination
Subordination

Or would it be
Should I better to
coordinate subordinate
with for? with
because?
 This presentation
covers the differences
between
coordination and
subordination and
the relationship
between clauses
within a sentence.
A coordination and/or
subordination item on an
objective test might look
like this . . .
 Sample
Sample Item
Item

A. Jeremiah forgot to bring a pencil since he had

to beg Amanda to borrow one of hers.
B. Since
Since Jeremiah
Jeremiahforgot
forgottoto
bring
bring
a pencil,
a pencil,
he he
had to
had to beg
begAmanda
Amandatotoborrow
borrow one
one
of of
hers.
hers.
C. Even though Jeremiah forgot to bring a
pencil, he had to beg Amanda to borrow one
of hers.
Subordinating
Subordinating
Is
Is the
the
the
the first
first clause
clause
subordination
subordination
with
with since
since ,, as
as
effective
effective at
at A
A ,,
option
option B
B does,
does,
B or C
B,, or C??
is
is correct.
correct.
 Coordination
Coordination
Coordination gives equal attention to two
items.
Use coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for,
or, nor, yet, and so.
tie., The
The dog ate Marvins favorite tie andcat
therubbed
cat
white hair
rubbed white
on Marvins
hair on Marvins
black suit.
black suit.

Both clauses could

stand alone.. When
When
joined with and, they
get equal attention.
 You
You can
can also
also coordinate
coordinate with
with a
a
semicolon
semicolon..

Main clause +;+ main clause.

Main clause +;+ transition +,+ main clause.

cats;She
The interviewer had seven Persian cats. she
as a
would
result, sheMarvins
understand
would understand
wouldMarvins
understand
predicament.
predicament.
Marvins predicament.

Still
balanced.
 Subordination
Subordination
Subordination gives less attention to one
idea so that the other has emphasis.
Use subordinate conjunctions, such as
because, even though, and when.

Since tried
Marvin Marvin
to clean
tried tohis
clean
suit.his was, he
Hesuit latewas
to the
late to
interview.
the interview.

Im sorry .
Here
Here are
are the
the subordinate
subordinate
conjunctions.
conjunctions.
after since
although so [that implied], so that
as than
because that
before though
even though unless
if, even if when, whenever
in order that where, wherever, whereas
once whether
provided that while
Use
Use a a comma
comma ifif you
you subordinate
subordinate the
the
first
first of
of the
the two
two clauses.
clauses.

Subordinate clause +,+ main clause.

Even
Cat though
hair clung tocat
Marvins
hair clung
panttolegs.
Marvins
He still
pantgot the
job. he still got the job.
legs,

The second
clause has more
The first
emphasis
clause is
because its
less
thought is
important.
complete.
Use no
Use no punctuation
punctuation if
if you
you subordinate
subordinate
the second
the second of
of the
the two
two clauses.
clauses.

Main clause ++ subordinate clause.

successCat
Marvin smiled at his success. ashair
cat wafted
hair wafted
in his
wake.
in his wake.

Now the first The second

clause is the clause has less
most emphasis
important. because its thought
is incomplete.
 Quick
Quick Test,
Test, Part
Part 1
1

Directions: In the items that follow, choose

the most effective word or phrase within the
context suggested by the sentence(s).

Show me
what you
know!
 Item
Item 1
1

To impress Deepa, his date, Ryan labored over the

chicken stir fry; __________, she took offense that
he was serving meat after she had explained her
vegetarianism.

A.furthermore
B.moreover
C.however
however
D.additionally
 Item
Item 2
2

__________ Thomas scores a 100 on the final

exam, he cannot pass College Algebra, a class he
is taking for the third time.

A.Because
B.Since
C.As a result,
D.Unless
Unless
 Item
Item 3
3

The Rodriguez family breathed a sigh of relief

when the giant oak withstood the hurricane winds;
__________, they gave thanks that crews restored
electricity in twelve short hours.

A.as a result
B.moreover
moreover
C.however
D.on the other hand
 Item
Item 4
4

Mackenzies clarinet squealed like a startled

puppy, __________ she hadnt practiced in weeks.

A.because
B.for
for
C.since
D.unless
 Item
Item 5
5

__________ Grandma tasted the spaghetti sauce,

she declared that it needed more basil and salt.

A.Unless
B.Although
C.Whereas
D.After
After
 Quick
Quick Test,
Test, Part
Part 2
2

Directions: In the items that follow, choose

the sentence that expresses the thought most
clearly and effectively and that has no errors in
structure.

Now try
this
type!
 Item
Item 6
6
A.
A. We decided
decidedtotoskip
skipbreakfast,
breakfast,forfor
a spider
a spider
crawled out
crawled outofofthe
thecereal
cerealbox.
box.
B. We decided to skip breakfast, and a spider
crawled out of the cereal box.
C. We decided to skip breakfast, so a spider
crawled out of the cereal box.
 Item
Item 7
7

A. Madison and I decided to eat ice cream for

dinner so that we had burned enough calories
earlier at the gym.
B.
B. Madison
Madison and andI Idecided
decidedtotoeat
eaticeice
cream
cream
forfor
dinner because
dinner becausewe wehadhadburned
burned enough
enoughcalories
earlier at earlier
calories the gym. at the gym.
C. Although Madison and I decided to eat ice
cream for dinner, we had burned enough
calories earlier at the gym.
 Item
Item 8
8

A.
A. Even
Even though
thoughHankHankvacuumed
vacuumed the
the
rental
rental
car,car,
he
failed
he failed
to remove
to remove
all the
allhair
theof
hair
Bonkers,
of Bonkers,
his
golden
his golden
retriever.
retriever.
B. Unless Hank vacuumed the rental car, he failed
to remove all the hair of Bonkers, his golden
retriever.
C. Since Hank vacuumed the rental car, he failed
to remove all the hair of Bonkers, his golden
retriever.
 Item
Item 9
9

A. Bonkers retrieves anything round, but put away

those CDs if you dont want teeth marks in
them.
B. Bonkers retrieves anything round, and put away
those CDs if you dont want teeth marks in
them.
C. Bonkers
Bonkers retrieves
retrievesanything
anything
round,
round,
so so
putput
away
those those
away CDs if CDs
you dont
if you
want
dont
teeth
want
marks
teeth
in
them. in them.
marks
 Item
Item 10
10

A.
A. Andre
Andre mowed
mowedthe
thelawn
lawnwhile
while
Celia
Celia
watched
watched
soap operas
soap operason
ontelevision.
television.
B. While Andre mowed the lawn Celia watched
soap operas on television.
C. While Andre mowed the lawn Celia, on the
other hand, watched soap operas on television.
The End.