Trauma Elektrik
Trauma Elektrik
ELEKTRIK
D BIMA
PURWAAMIDJAJA
1. Populasi beresiko
2. Faktor prediksi kemungkinan beratnya trauma
3. Membedakan antara voltase tinggi dengan
rendah
4. Mengenali pasien yang perlu dirawat atau
dirujuk
5. Menentukan pasien yang perlu monitoring
jantung
6. Identifikasi komplikasi penting dari trauma
elektrik
7. Rencana Pengelolaan
TRAUMA
ELEKTRIK
JARANG??
*
Epidemiologi
124 kematian
setahun di AS
5X pasien perlu
pengelolaan
emergensi
3-5% pasien dirawat
di pusat luka bakar
Usia muda dan
pekerja
Gejala :
penentu terpenting
trauma elektrik ?
penentu terpenting trauma elektrik
OHMS LAW: i = V / R
1. V = voltage
2. i =current
3. R = resistance
penentu terpenting trauma elektrik
JOULES LAW:
Skin Resistivity -
Mucous membranes Ohms/cm2
Vascular areas 100
volar arm, inner 300 - 10 000
thigh
Wet skin
Sweat 1 200 - 1 500
Bathtub 2 500
Other skin 10 000 - 40 000
Sole of foot 100 000 - 200 000
Heavily calloused palm 1 000 000 - 2 000 000
High Voltage Is More Likely to Kill
Than Low Voltage
Trauma elektrik
Faktor menentukan keparahan
A momentary dose
of high voltage
electricity is not
necessarily fatal.
Low voltage is just
as likely to kill as
high voltage.
RK Wright, JH Davis. The investigation of electrical deaths: a report of 220 fatalities.
J. Forensic Sci. 1980; 25:514-521.
Cunningham PA. The need for cardiac monitoring after electrical injury. Medical Journal
of Australia. 154(11): 765-6, June 1991.
The Extent of the
Surface Burn
Determines the
Severity of Injury
Electrical Injuries
Patterns of Injury
Direct contact
Direct tissue heating
Contact burns (entry
and exit)
Thermal burns
The Pathway the Electrical
Current Takes Through the Victim
Predicts the Pattern of Injuries
Electrical Injuries
Patterns of Injury
Skin Resistivity
Least Nerves
Blood
Mucous membranes
Muscle
Intermediate Dry skin
Tendon
Fat
Most Bone
Electrical Injuries
Effects of 60 Hz Current
1 mAmp Threshold of perception
5 mA Maximum harmless current
6 mA Ground fault interrupter opens
10 mA Let-go current
20 mA Possible tetany of resp muscles
100 mA VF threshold
6 A Defibrillation
20 A Household circuit breaker opens
Electricity Kills by Causing
Myocardial Damage
No No
No
No
Touched a voltage
source of more
than 1 000 volts
Electric Shock:
What Should You Do?
.
Touched a voltage
Yes Cardiac Monitoring
source of more
24 hours
than 1 000 volts
No
Yes
No
No
No
Direction Services de Sante
BENIGN SHOCK Hydro Quebec, 1995
Reassure and discharge